World History

Studying oral histories, archaeological evidence, and cultural histories are methods most often used by
1. economists
2. anthropologists
3. philosophers
4. political scientists
The terms Brahma, dharma, and moksha are most closely associated with which religion?
1. Judaism
2. Islam
3. Hinduism
4. animism
1. famine
2. disease
3. immigration
4. a lower birthrate
Carefully drawn calligraphy, Zen gardens, and the tea ceremony are examples of
1. artifacts of Mansa Musa’s Timbuktu
2. the accomplishments of the Protestant Reformation
3. early Japanese culture
4. the achievements of Renaissance Florence
1. Reasons for the Reformation
2. European Motives for Fighting the Crusades
3. Causes of the Fall of the Roman Empire
4. Reasons for the Split Between the Eastern and Western Churches
During the 1500s, technological advances in navigation, naval engineering, and mapmaking contributed directly to the start of the
1. Gupta Empire
2. Mongol Empire
3. Age of Exploration
4. medieval guilds
The revival of Greek and Roman culture, the economic growth of Italian city-states in the 1400s, and the development of humanism were aspects of the
1. Age of Revolutions
2. Protestant Reformation
3. spread of Islam
4. European Renaissance
A direct result of the conquest of Tenochtitlán by Hernán Cortés in 1521 was the
1. expulsion of Jews and Muslims from Spain
2. establishment of Portuguese trade routes around Africa
3. fall of the Aztec Empire
4. conquest of the Kush Kingdom
The spread of Islam into the kingdoms of Ghana and Mali resulted from
1. imperialism
2. ethnocentrism
3. cultural diffusion
4. self-determination
One similarity of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment is that both
1. had the support of the Roman Catholic Church
2. placed great value on traditional beliefs
3. emphasized the value of human reasoning
4. contributed to the end of feudalism
“Americans today, and perhaps to a greater extent than ever before, who live within the Spanish system, occupy a position in society no better than that of serfs destined for labor, or at best they have no more status than that of mere consumers. . . .”

This quotation, written in September 1815, represents the views of
1. Martin Luther
2. Catherine the Great
3. Simón Bolívar
4. Adam Smith
Which 19th century ideology led to the unification of Germany and of Italy and to the eventual breakup of Austria-Hungary and of the Ottoman Empire?
1. imperialism
2. nationalism
3. liberalism
4. socialism
The Meiji Restoration in Japan was prompted in part by
1. a fear that Japan would be colonized by western nations
2. the failure of Japanese expansion
3. the Shogun’s conversion to Christianity
4. a desire to stay isolated
Growing nationalism and militarism in Europe and the creation of secret alliances were
1. reasons for the rise of democracy
2. causes of World War I
3. requirements for economic development
4. reasons for the collapse of communism
The Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931 and Hitler’s rebuilding of the German military in 1935 demonstrate the
1. success of defensive alliances
2. fear of communist expansion
3. support for the Treaty of Versailles
4. failure of the League of Nations
Which action illustrates the concept of genocide?
1. the British negotiating peace with Adolf Hitler during the 1938 Munich Conference
2. Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin signing a nonaggression pact in 1939
3. the Nazi armies eliminating the Jews and other groups as part of Adolf Hitler’s Final Solution
4. German generals plotting against Adolf Hitler
The Truman Doctrine, Korean War, crisis in Guatemala, and Soviet invasion of Afghanistan were all
1. reasons for the Industrial Revolution
2. examples of Japanese imperialism
3. events of the Cold War
4. causes of World War II
1. India is falling behind in the race to develop nuclear weapons.
2. The United States officially supports India’s nuclear weapons program.
3. People in India and the United States have reacted very differently to India’s nuclear test.
4. India’s development of nuclear weapons will improve chances for peace in the region.
Since the 1960s, famine in many parts of the world has been reduced by
1. increased urbanization
2. global warming
3. laissez-faire capitalism
4. the Green Revolution
Mahatma Gandhi and Jomo Kenyatta were similar in that both
1. supported colonial policies
2. sought to gain independence from Great Britain
3. led a worldwide boycott of British goods
4. used violent revolution to achieve their aims
1. In many religions, a range of beliefs often exists.
2. A belief in a god is common to all religions.
3. A hierarchy of leadership exists in all religions.
4. Religion is becoming less important to people.
1. Elements of a Civilization
2. Features of a Nomadic Lifestyle
3. Basic Components of the Paleolithic Age
4. Human Life 50,000 Years Ago
Which quotation from the teachings of Confucius is most similar to the Golden Rule from Judeo-Christian teaching?
1. “If a ruler is upright, all will go well without orders.”
2. “By nature, men are pretty much alike. It is learning and practice that set them apart.”
3. “While a father or mother is alive, a son should not travel far.”
4. “Do not do to others what you do not wish for yourself.”
1. social class
2. educational achievement
3. accumulated wealth
4. political ability
1. demonstrate supremacy and strength in China
2. control the Mongols
3. stop European imperialism
4. impose Chinese culture and slavery on neighboring countries
Ibn Battuta and Marco Polo were similar in that both
1. ruled over vast empires that included diverse peoples
2. produced written records of their extensive travels
3. converted thousands of people to Christianity
4. fought to free their people from Mongol rule
1. breakdown of social order during the bubonic plague
2. power of special courts during the Inquisition
3. treatment of native peoples in Latin American nations
4. outcome of the famine in Ireland in the 1890s
One way Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Henry VIII were similar is that they all were
1. Latin American revolutionary leaders
2. Reformation leaders
3. Impressionist painters
4. divine right monarchs
1. Ferdinand Magellen and Matthew Perry
2. Christopher Columbus and Genghis Khan
3. Vasco de Gama and Zheng He
4. Francisco Pizarro and Marco Polo
Which list of French leaders is in the correct chronological order?
1. Louis XVI → Napoleon → Robespierre
2. Robespierre → Napoleon → Louis XVI
3. Louis XVI → Robespierre → Napoleon
4. Napoleon → Louis XVI → Robespierre
1. industrialism
2. feudalism
3. imperialism
4. fascism
Which social class controlled most of the political, economic, and social power in colonial Latin America?
1. peninsulares
2. mestizos
3. creoles
4. native people
1. retain its traditional culture
2. westernize its society
3. give women equal rights
4. establish Islamic fundamentalism
During World War II, which event occurred last?
1. German invasion of Poland
2. Russian defense of Stalingrad
3. United States bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
4. Japanese invasion of Manchuria
After World War II, the Soviet Union maintained control of many Eastern European nations mainly because these nations were
1. a source of new technology and skilled labor
2. near warm-water ports on the Mediterranean Sea
3. extensions of communist power
4. members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
One similarity in the actions of Ho Chi Minh and Jomo Kenyatta was that both leaders
1. introduced Western ideas to their societies
2. established democratic forms of government
3. led nationalist movements
4. supported separation of church and state
1. policy of appeasement
2. Cold War
3. decline of nationalism
4. Green Revolution
Which statement about the spread of nuclear weapons is a fact rather than an opinion?
1. Nations possessing nuclear weapons should not have to limit the production of weapons.
2. The spread of nuclear weapons was a smaller problem in the 1990s than it was in the 1970s.
3. The United States and Russia signed the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaties during the 1970s.
4. Only developing nations are concerned about the spread of nuclear weapons.
1. Crusades
2. Renaissance
3. Reformation
4. Age of Exploration
1. Renaissance
2. Reformation
3. Enlightenment
4. Middle Ages
1. cultural diffusion
2. urbanization
3. civil disobedience
4. isolationism
In which field of study do people learn about the development of early human beings?
1. economics
2. cartography
3. political science
4. anthropology
Which document is an example of a primary source?
1. a novel on the Age of Discovery
2. a diary of a Holocaust survivor
3. a textbook on Latin American history
4. an encyclopedia article on Songhai culture
China under the Han dynasty and the Roman Empire were similar in that both grew wealthy because they
1. developed extensive trade networks
2. created classless societies
3. encouraged democratic ideals
4. established free-market economies
Judaism, Islam, and Christianity share a belief in
1. papal supremacy
2. teachings of the Koran (Quran)
3. reincarnation and the Four Noble Truths
4. an ethical code of conduct and monotheism
1. repel a Viking invasion
2. stop advancement of the Huns in Europe
3. join the Crusades
4. force Russians to convert to Catholicism
The Renaissance in western Europe is best described as a period marked by
1. unquestioned reliance on the teachings of Aristotle
2. an advance of Muslim culture
3. Christian unity throughout the region
4. great intellectual and artistic creativity
1. participated frequently in war
2. emphasized literacy and trade
3. protected the human rights of all citizens
4. selected political leaders through democratic elections
After contact with Europeans in the 1500s, millions of native peoples in the Americas died as a result of
1. new foods, which the native peoples could not digest
2. religious persecution resulting from the Spanish Inquisition
3. new diseases to which the native peoples had no natural immunity
4. slavery and the terrible conditions on their sea journey to Europe
The writings of the 18th-century French philosophers Diderot, Rousseau, and Voltaire influenced the
1. policies of the enlightened despots
2. start of the Neolithic Revolution
3. success of the German unification movement
4. spread of imperialism to Africa and Asia
Lenin’s promise of “Peace, Land, Bread” during the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 was made in an effort to
1. end France’s occupation of Russia
2. gain popular support to overthrow the government
3. restore Czar Nicholas II to power
4. resolve conflicts between farmers of diverse ethnic backgrounds
Since the late 1940s, Northern Ireland, India, and Israel have all faced which common problem?
1. the need to adjust to a post-communist political system
2. continued violent confrontations between different religious groups
3. economic depression that resulted from rapid industrialization
4. overpopulation of urban centers
One reason that Britain and France agreed to appease Hitler at the Munich Conference was to
1. prevent the start of another world war
2. stop the Nazis from invading the Soviet Union
3. obey an order from the League of Nations
4. obtain advanced German military weapons in exchange
1. A → B → C → D
2. B → A → D → C
3. C → D → B → A
4. D → C → A → B
The United Nations was created primarily to
1. prosecute persons accused of war crimes
2. contain the spread of communism
3. channel relief aid to war-torn nations
4. provide a means of solving international problems
Pol Pot, Joseph Stalin, and Slobodan Milosevic were similar in that each leader supported actions that
1. modernized their economies
2. introduced democratic ideas
3. supported minority rights
4. violated human rights
1. the fall of apartheid ended racial tensions
2. Nelson Mandela was unable to bring about political reform
3. another communist government lost power
4. a significant step was taken toward racial equality
What is the primary reason that increasing numbers of Latin American citizens have immigrated to the United States over the last three decades?
1. escape from the threat of communism
2. desire for religious freedom
3. fear of natural disasters
4. hope for economic opportunities
The spread of Buddhist ideas and customs to China and Southeast Asia was the result of
1. the Mandate of Heaven
2. economic dependence
3. cultural diffusion
4. the civil service system
Meiji reformers of Japan and Peter the Great of Russia were similar in that both emphasized
1. socialism
2. isolationism
3. westernization
4. democratization
The Sepoy Mutiny in India and the Boxer Rebellion in China were responses to
1. Mongol invasions
2. European imperialism
3. Japanese aggression
4. African slave trading
Which statement is accurate about the Hungarian Revolution in 1956 and the Tiananmen Square demonstrations in 1989?
1. These events led to democratic reforms.
2. Repressive action was taken to end both protests.
3. Strong action was taken by the United Nations.
4. Both events brought communist governments to power.
According to Buddhist principles, believers can end personal suffering by
1. doing good deeds
2. eliminating selfish desires
3. making pilgrimages to Mecca
4. relying on divine help
Christianity, Islam, and Judaism are similar in that they all ask their followers to
1. believe in reincarnation
2. strive for nirvana
3. follow a code of behavior
4. practice polytheism
Shintoism and animism share a belief in the importance of
1. reincarnation
2. spirits in nature
3. holy books
4. missionaries
The Age of Pericles in Athens, the Gupta Empire in India, and the Tang dynasty in China all experienced a golden age with
1. advancements in the principles of democratic governments
2. outstanding contributions in the arts and sciences
3. the end of foreign domination
4. the furthest expansion of their borders
The wealth and power of Mali’s ruler, Mansa Musa, were significant because they contributed to the
1. start of the Crusades
2. spread of Islam
3. growth of European imperialism
4. rise of Arab nationalism
An important effect of the Protestant Reformation in Europe was that it strengthened the
1. power of monarchies
2. power of the pope
3. belief in polytheism
4. unity of Europe
The astrolabe and improvements in cartography helped Europeans to
1. launch the Crusades
2. defeat the Mongols
3. expel the Moors
4. explore the Western Hemisphere
1. Charlemagne
2. Joan of Arc
3. Louis XIV
4. Robespierre
1. Chinese civil war
2. Sino-Japanese War
3. Communist Revolution
4. Opium Wars
1. The Aztecs regained control of many areas of South America.
2. South American voters removed Spanish and Portuguese rulers from power.
3. Spain sent conquistadores to South America.
4. Enlightenment and revolutionary ideas spread from Europe and the United States to South America.
The theory of Social Darwinism was sometimes used to justify
1. the establishment of communist governments in Asia
2. Latin American revolutions in the early 19th century
3. the independence movement in India
4. European imperialism in the late 19th century
Which event occurred first and led to the other three?
1. rise of fascism in Europe
2. Bolshevik Revolution
3. World War I
4. signing of the Treaty of Versailles
1. have no control over events
2. can influence events by following moral guidelines
3. must use violence to influence events
4. can influence events by using military force
One similarity in the histories of Germany and Vietnam is that both nations
1. were once divided but have since been reunited
2. remained nonaligned during the Cold War period
3. have chosen a democratic form of government in recent years
4. were once colonized by other European nations
Which situation existed under the policy of apartheid in South Africa?
1. All people were guaranteed suffrage.
2. The black majority held the most political power
3. Society was controlled by the white minority.
4. Social inequality was eliminated.
The global problems of pollution, acid rain, and the breakdown of the ozone layer indicate a need for
1. greater international cooperation
2. increased urbanization
3. a balance of trade between nations
4. an increase in space exploration
1. administer former colonial areas
2. deliver aid to people in need
3. separate political issues from economic issues
4. unite opposing forces and differing ideologies
Which historical development showed the desire of a group to gain independence from a colonial power?
1. rise of the Nazi Party in Germany
2. Solidarity movement in Poland
3. Tiananmen Square uprising in China
4. Sepoy Mutiny in India
Which statement describes a similarity between the French Revolution and the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia?
1. The leaders in power before the revolutions favored changing the political system in their country.
2. Both revolutions were the result of government denial of basic human rights and stressful economic conditions.
3. Most of the revolutionary support was provided by radicals from other countries.
4. The new democracies created by the revolutions gave people greater representation in their governments.
1. Tang and Sung dynasties of China
2. Gupta Empire in India
3. Ghana and Mali civilizations of Africa
4. Byzantine Empire in the Middle East
1. Primary Sources
2. Secondary Sources
3. Official Records
4. Published Records
Olympic games, the poems of Homer, and Hellenistic culture are associated with which ancient civilization?
1. Egyptian
2. Greek
3. Roman
4. Phoenician
1. Achievements of Feudal Societies
2. Inventions During the Neolithic Revolution
3. Issues of the Protestant Reformation
4. Contributions of the Islamic Civilization
1. Buddha
2. Shiva
3. Allah
4. Muhammad
1. Buddhism
2. Islam
3. Jainism
4. Christianity
Which action could be considered an effect of the Protestant Reformation?
1. posting of the Ninety-five Theses
2. decline in the power of the Roman Catholic Church
3. sale of indulgences
4. end of religious warfare
1. a crusade to the Holy Land
2. the reasons for the voyages of Columbus
3. the Spanish Reconquista
4. the start of the Italian Renaissance
The archaeological evidence found at the Mesoamerican sites of Tenochtitlan and Machu Picchu suggests that these societies
1. consisted of hunters and gatherers
2. were highly developed and organized cultures
3. practiced a monotheistic religion
4. followed a democratic system
Which statement describes an impact that the Columbian Exchange had on the lives of Europeans?
1. The transfer of new products and ideas encouraged economic growth.
2. New diseases were brought to Europe and resulted in massive deaths caused by a plague.
3. Native Americans immigrated to Europe and competed with Europeans for jobs.
4. Cross-cultural contacts between South America and Asia declined.
One way in which the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment were similar is that they
1. encouraged the spread of new ideas
2. strengthened traditional institutions
3. led to the Protestant Reformation
4. rejected Renaissance individualism
1. interdependence
2. unification
3. imperialism
4. apathy
1. isolationism
2. ethnocentrism
3. cultural diffusion
4. democracy
1. Tokugawa shogunate
2. Meiji Restoration
3. Russo-Japanese War
4. post–World War II occupation
During World War I, which group of people were victims of genocide?
1. Arabs in Egypt
2. Palestinians in Syria
3. Algerians in France
4. Armenians in the Ottoman Empire
1. appeasement
2. self-determination
3. liberation
4. pacification
The political climate of the Cold War caused the world’s two superpowers to
1. cooperate in halting the spread of communism
2. colonize Africa and Asia
3. compete economically and militarily
4. protect human rights
The political ideas of Ho Chi Minh, Fidel Castro, and Pol Pot were strongly influenced by the writings of
1. Confucius
2. Mohandas Gandhi
3. Desmond Tutu
4. Karl Marx
The main purpose of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the European Union (EU) is to
1. increase the authority of the United Nations
2. encourage increased economic development
3. promote peace between nations
4. establish and enforce military alliances
The late 20th-century conflicts in Rwanda, Yugoslavia, and India were similar in that each was caused by the
1. deforestation conducted by multinational companies
2. collapse of communism
3. intervention of United Nations peacekeeping forces
4. rivalries between ethnic groups
1. Nuclear proliferation occurs in all societies.
2. Actions of one nation often affect other nations.
3. Nuclear technology should be limited to the global superpowers.
4. Most governments are critical of India’s nuclear tests.
1. Empires of India
2. Latin American Civilizations
3. Empires of the Fertile Crescent
4. Dynasties of China
Which set of events is in the correct chronological order?
1. Renaissance → Middle Ages → Roman Empire
2. Treaty of Versailles → World War II → Korean War
3. Reformation → Crusades → European exploration of the Americas
4. Bolshevik Revolution → French Revolution → American Revolution
1. Franco-Prussian War
2. World War I
3. World War II
4. Cold War
Which action taken by both Hitler and Napoleon is considered by historians to be a strategic military error?
1. invading Russia with limited supply lines
2. introducing combined ground and naval assaults
3. invading Great Britain by land
4. using conquered peoples as slave laborers
Which belief is shared by Hindus and Buddhists?
1. Everyone should have the same social status.
2. People should pray five times a day.
3. The soul can be reincarnated.
4. Material wealth is a sign of the blessing of the gods.
1. The Torah and the Bible were rejected in Muslim Spain.
2. Arabs, Jews, and Christians shared houses and places of worship in Muslim Spain.
3. Religious tolerance in Muslim Spain encouraged the growth of a rich and diverse culture.
4. Spain was troubled by deep-rooted religious conflicts.
Some historians suggest that as a result of the Mongol invasions of Russia, the Russian people were
1. united with the Ottomans
2. converted to Christianity
3. freed from serfdom
4. cut off from most of western Europe
Prior to the Protestant Reformation, the medieval church in western Europe was criticized for
1. sponsoring explorations to the Middle East
2. allowing the Bible to be printed and distributed to the people
3. being too concerned with worldly power and riches
4. refusing to sell indulgences to peasants
1. Adapted the Roman principles of justice
2. Used a senate as the chief governing body
3. Led crusades to capture Rome from the Huns
4. Helped maintain Roman rule over western Europe
The expeditions of Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro resulted in the
1. destruction of the Aztec and Inca empires
2. capture of Brazil by Portugal
3. colonization of North America by Portugal
4. exploration of the Philippines and East Indies
One reason Italy and Germany were not major colonial powers in the 16th and 17th centuries was that they
1. had self-sufficient economies
2. lacked political unity
3. rejected the practice of imperialism
4. belonged to opposing alliances
One result of the Opium War was that China
1. adopted democratic reforms
2. gained control of Hong Kong
3. regained control of Manchuria
4. was divided into spheres of influence
1. Emiliano Zapata
2. Simón Bolívar
3. Porfirio Díaz
4. Pancho Villa
1. competition between European nations for overseas territories after the Berlin Conference
2. aggressive action of the Triple Alliance before World War I
3. spread of communism throughout the world during the 19th century
4. concern of European nations for the welfare of developing nations at the end of the 19th century
1. Meiji Restoration
2. Tokugawa shogunate
3. assimilation of Buddhism
4. adoption of Confucian practices
1. Manchuria became a Japanese protectorate.
2. Pearl Harbor was attacked.
3. The Japanese fleet was destroyed.
4. The Japanese fleet was destroyed.
1. pacifism
2. neutrality
3. nationalism
4. anarchy
A major result of the Nuremberg trials after World War II was that
1. Germany was divided into four zones of occupation
2. the United Nations was formed to prevent future acts of genocide
3. the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was established to stop the spread of communism
4. Nazi political and military leaders were held accountable for their actions
1. United Nations (UN)
2. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
3. European Union (EU)
4. Organization of American States (OAS)
Which statement related to the recent history of Pakistan is an opinion?
1. Pakistan gained its independence from Britain in 1947.
2. The majority of the people who live in Pakistan are Muslims.
3. Pakistan would be better off if it was still part of India.
4. Mohammed Ali Jinnah was a major leader in Pakistan’s independence movement.
Which set of historical periods in European
history is in the correct chronological order?
A. Medieval Europe
B. Italian Renaissance
C. Golden Age of Greece
D. Enlightenment
1. C → A → B → D
2. A → B → D → C
3. C → B → D → A
4. B → A → C → D
1. end apartheid in South Africa
2. modernize South Africa’s economy
3. end economic sanctions against South Africa
4. stop majority rule in South Africa
Which belief is shared by an African who practices animism and a Japanese who practices Shinto?
1. Only one God rules the universe.
2. Periodic fasting is essential to spiritual purity.
3. Spirits exist in both living and nonliving things.
4. All suffering is caused by desire and selfishness.
Which headline would most likely have appeared in a pamphlet during the Industrial Revolution?
1. “Michelangelo Completes Sistine Chapel”
2. “Karl Marx Attacks Capitalism”
3. "Martin Luther Speaks Out Against Sale of Indulgences”
4. “John Locke Calls for the People to Choose the King”
1. The United Nations supported the Serbians in Kosovo.
2. The United Nations was ineffective in its attempt to end genocide in Kosovo.
3. Killing in Kosovo stopped because of United Nations reprimands.
4. The Serbians lost the battle for Kosovo.
1. Scramble for Africa
2. Causes of World War I
3. Results of World War II
4. Reasons for the United Nations
1. remains the same over time
2. is passed down from one generation to another
3. reflects a variety of personal opinions
4. is shaped by the available evidence
What was an important result of the Neolithic Revolution?
1. Food supplies became more reliable.
2. New sources of energy became available.
3. People became more nomadic.
4. Populations declined.
Which belief is most closely associated with the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)?
1. People are born into a specific caste.
2. Believers must follow the Ten Commandments.
3. Followers must fast during Ramadan.
4. People can overcome their desires by following the Eight-Fold Path.
Which empire had the greatest influence on the development of early Russia?
1. Roman
2. Byzantine
3. Egyptian
4. British
1. nirvana
2. animism
3. filial piety
4. hadj (hajj)
1. exploration of the African interior
2. discovery of gold mines in Nigeria
3. Belgium’s takeover of the Congo
4. Atlantic slave trade
The feudal systems in both medieval Europe and early Japan were characterized by
1. a decentralized political system
2. religious diversity
3. an increased emphasis on education
4. the development of a wealthy middle class
In the early 1500s, Martin Luther’s “Ninety-five Theses,” Henry VIII’s “Act of Supremacy,” and John Calvin’s Institutes of the Christian Religion contributed to
1. a decline in the power of the Catholic Church
2. an increased sense of nationalism in Tudor England
3. the growing power of the feudal nobility in Europe
4. a major conflict among Eastern Orthodox Christians
In England, the Magna Carta, the Puritan Revolution, the Glorious Revolution, and the English Bill of Rights led to the development of
1. a dictatorship
2. an absolute monarchy
3. a theocracy
4. a limited monarchy
The heliocentric model, the development of inductive reasoning, and the work of Descartes are all associated with which revolution?
1. Neolithic
2. Agricultural
3. Green
4. Scientific
1. learn from the people they conquered
2. teach their colonies how to produce manufactured goods
3. civilize the people they controlled
4. welcome less developed countries as equals
Which two major ideas are contained in the writings of Karl Marx?
1. survival of the fittest and natural selection
2. class struggle and revolutionary change
3. separation of powers and checks and balances
4. monotheism and religious tolerance
The Treaty of Versailles angered many Germans after World War I because the treaty
1. divided Germany into Communist and non-Communist zones
2. made Germany restore its emperor
3. required all German-speaking Europeans to return to Germany
4. forced Germany to pay large war reparations
Which event is most closely associated with the start of World War II in Europe?
1. invasion of Poland by Nazi forces
2. signing of the Munich Agreement
3. building of the Berlin Wall
4. assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
1. Warsaw Pact
2. United Nations
3. Organization of American States
4. North Atlantic Treaty Organization
A similarity between Peter the Great of Russia and Deng Xiaoping of the People’s Republic of China was that each
1. resisted economic and social reforms in his country
2. rejected the culture of his country in favor of a foreign culture
3. promoted economic and technological modernization of his country
4. experienced foreign invasions of his country that almost succeeded
1. Kwame Nkrumah
2. Mohandas Gandhi
3. Benito Mussolini
4. Mikhail Gorbachev
In the late 20th century, what was a problem common to the Balkans, Rwanda, and Indonesia?
1. disposal of nuclear waste
2. ethnic or religious conflicts
3. drought and famine
4. overcrowding of urban centers
The Gupta civilization (4th–6th centuries) and the Maya civilization (4th–10th centuries) were similar in that both
1. built temple complexes and developed the concept of zero
2. eliminated standing armies and introduced an aristocracy
3. developed early democratic systems
4. were conquered by European imperialists
In the years following the Meiji Restoration in Japan and the unification of Germany in the 19th century, both nations experienced
1. an increase in military production and strengthened military forces
2. a reduction in tensions with neighboring nations
3. a restructuring of government that included popularly elected monarchs
4. a decrease in the reliance on industrialization and trade
One way in which Alexander II, Catherine the Great, and Boris Yeltsin played similar roles in Russian history was that they
1. led communist revolutions
2. encouraged reforms
3. were subjects of Stalinist purges
4. supported territorial expansion
1. Age of Imperialism
2. Scientific Revolution
3. Enlightenment
4. Cold War
Conflicts between Hutu and Tutsi, Ottoman Turks and Armenians, and Soviets and Ukrainian kulaks all resulted in
1. establishment of new governments
2. international intervention
3. massacres or genocide
4. cultural interdependence
Which statement about Greek civilization is an opinion rather than a fact?
1. Boys in Sparta were trained to be soldiers.
2. Athens had a better culture than that of Sparta.
3. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were Greek philosophers.
4. Many adults in Athens did not have the right to vote.
1. manorialism
2. apartheid
3. caste
4. encomienda
1. Hinduism
2. Daoism
3. Catholicism
4. animism
The religious terms Four Noble Truths, Eightfold Path, and nirvana are most closely associated with
1. Judaism
2. Islam
3. Shintoism
4. Buddhism
The Golden Age of Muslim culture was best known for its
1. attempts to colonize North America
2. frequent conflicts between Christians and Jews
3. advances in mathematics, science, and medicine
4. policies to reduce trade between the Middle East and China
What was one influence of Mongol rule on the history of Russia?
1. Contact with kingdoms in western Europe greatly increased.
2. The Chinese writing system was introduced and adopted.
3. Most Russians converted from Orthodox Christianity to Islam.
4. Russian leaders adopted the idea of strong, centralized control of the empire.
1. Religious beliefs were the most important element in many African societies.
2. Some African societies achieved a high level of economic and cultural development.
3. North African societies were more advanced than South African societies.
4. Most African societies were hundreds of years behind Asian societies in using technology.
Which diagram shows the correct social hierarchy of Spain’s colonial empire in the Western Hemisphere?
Philosophers of the Enlightenment period believed that society could best be improved by
1. relying on faith and divine right
2. borrowing ideas from ancient Greece and Rome
3. applying reason and the laws of nature
4. studying the practices of successful leaders
Which statement best expresses the Western perspective regarding Rudyard Kipling’s “white man’s burden”?
1. Europeans should preserve traditional cultures in Africa and Asia.
2. Europeans must protect existing African and Asian economies.
3. Europeans suffered great hardships in exploring new trade routes to Asia.
4. Europeans had a duty to introduce the benefits of their civilization to non-European peoples.
1. Chinese exports of tea to Europe
2. Spread of Confucian principles
3. Failure of the Boxer Rebellion
4. Expanding power of Mao Zedong
The success of the women’s suffrage movement in 20th-century Europe resulted in part from women
1. holding high political offices
2. working in factories during World War I
3. being encouraged to have large families
4. serving in combat positions during World War I
1. national self-determination
2. economic development
3. a system of alliances
4. protection from terrorists
The Armenian massacre, the Holocaust, and the Rape of Nanking are examples of
1. appeasement policies
2. resistance movements
3. Russification efforts
4. human rights violations
One way in which Lech Walesa, Mikhail Gorbachev, and Nelson Mandela are similar is that each
1. led the people of his nation toward a more democratic government
2. fought for power for the black majority over the white minority
3. worked to end communism in his country
4. refused to participate in the United Nations
1. World War I
2. World War II
3. the Cold War
4. the Persian Gulf War
The activities of Mother Teresa are most closely associated with
1. democracy and political freedom
2. industrialization and open markets
3. nationalism and independence movements
4. the needs of the poor and health care
1. Age of Discovery
2. Renaissance
3. Industrial Revolution
4. Green Revolution
1. Importance of Revolution
2. War and Rebellion
3. Turning Points in History
4. Effects of Economic Change
1. Hellenistic Period
2. Roman Empire
3. Early Middle Ages
4. Age of Mercantilism
A common element in the movements for German unification, Italian unification, and Indian independence was the
1. support of the Catholic Church
2. strength of nationalist leaders
3. mediation of the League of Nations
4. existence of democratic institutions
Which leader is most closely associated with the use of civil disobedience in a struggle to end colonial rule?
1. Momar Khadafi
2. Saddam Hussein
3. Ho Chi Minh
4. Mohandas Gandhi
One similarity between the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution and the Cultural Revolution in China was that both
1. limited the power of absolute leaders
2. illustrated the power of public opinion in forming national policy
3. established social stability and economic growth
4. used violent methods to eliminate their opponents
Which social scientists are best known for studying the physical artifacts of a culture?
1. geographers
2. archaeologists
3. economists
4. sociologists
One way in which the Five Relationships, the Ten Commandments, and the Eightfold Path are similar is that they
1. promote polytheism
2. establish gender equality
3. provide codes of behavior
4. describe secularism
1. baptism
2. karma
3. monotheism
4. animism
Which accomplishments are associated with the Gupta Empire?
1. adoption of democracy and construction of the Pantheon
2. defeat of the Roman Empire and adoption of Christianity
3. establishment of Pax Mongolia and founding of a Chinese dynasty
4. use of Sanskrit language and development of the concept of zero
Which statement about the Golden Age of Islam is a fact rather than an opinion?
1. Islamic art was more abstract than Greek art.
2. Muslims were the best early mathematicians.
3. Islamic society preserved Greek and Roman culture.
4. Muslim artists had more talent than European artists.
Which two cultures most influenced the development of early Japan?
1. Greek and Roman
2. Chinese and Korean
3. Egyptian and Mesopotamian
4. Indian and Persian
1. direct democracy
2. imperialism
3. socialism
4. divine right
1. Ivan the Terrible
2. Thomas Hobbes
3. John Locke
4. Louis XIV
Sir Isaac Newton, Galileo Galilei, and Johannes Kepler are all directly associated with the
1. Industrial Revolution
2. Scientific Revolution
3. English Revolution
4. Agricultural Revolution
Before the French Revolution, the people of France were divided into three estates based mainly on their
1. education level
2. geographic region
3. social class
4. religious beliefs
One similarity in the leadership of Jomo Kenyatta, José de San Martín, and Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen) is that they
1. supported nationalistic movements
2. organized communist rebellions
3. opposed trade with other nations
4. established democratic rule in their countries
One reason for the outbreak of World War II was the
1. ineffectiveness of the League of Nations
2. growing tension between the United States and the Soviet Union
3. conflict between the Hapsburg and the Romanov families
4. refusal of the German government to sign the Treaty of Versailles
1. Proliferation of military weapons could destroy the world.
2. The world’s population is growing faster than its food supply.
3. The land masses of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres are shifting.
4. Military technology is making the world a smaller place.
1. free trade
2. collective security
3. self-determination
4. peaceful coexistence
The policy of strict racial separation and discrimination that was implemented in the Republic of South Africa is called
1. collectivization
2. apartheid
3. intifada
4. communism
Which statement best describes a problem facing India today?
1. Democracy has failed to gain popular support.
2. Religious and ethnic diversity has continued to cause conflict.
3. A decrease in population has led to labor shortages.
4. Lack of technology has limited military capabilities.
1. Sepoy Mutiny
2. Kashmir crisis
3. Green Revolution
4. Computer Revolution
1. Elements of Belief Systems
2. Characteristics of Classical Civilizations
3. Benefits of the Counter Reformation
4. Changes during the Neolithic Revolution
The treatment of the Armenians by Ottoman Turks in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and the treatment of Muslims by the Serbs of Yugoslavia in the 1990s are both examples of
1. coalition rule
2. liberation theology
3. universal suffrage
4. human rights violations
The doctrines of the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Protestant churches are all based on the
1. concept of reincarnation
2. principles of Christianity
3. teachings of Muhammad
4. leadership of the pope
The main purpose of a time line is to show the
1. causes and effects of wars
2. location of important places
3. benefits of modern civilizations
4. chronological relationship between events
Which civilization first developed a civil service system, invented gunpowder, and manufactured porcelain?
1. Aztec
2. Chinese
3. Japanese
4. Roman
Which two belief systems teach that there are spirits in nature?
1. Shinto and animism
2. Hinduism and Confucianism
3. Judaism and Christianity
4. Islam and Buddhism
The Justinian Code is considered a milestone because it
1. preserved many ancient Chinese legal decrees in writing
2. served as a model for European legal systems
3. became the first democratic constitution
4. united Muslim and Roman thought
A major contribution of the Golden Age of Islam was the
1. development of mercantilism
2. creation of the first polytheistic religion
3. spread of democratic ideals
4. advancement of mathematics and science
Which factor most influenced a person’s social position in early Indian societies?
1. education
2. birth
3. geographic location
4. individual achievement
Which innovation had the greatest impact on the Protestant Reformation?
1. movable-type printing press
2. Mercator map projection
3. magnetic compass
4. triangular sail
The Magna Carta, the Petition of Right, and the English Bill of Rights were created to
1. limit the power of English monarchs
2. establish laws protecting the rights of Protestants
3. organize England’s colonial empire
4. abolish the role of Parliament
1. exploration
2. nationalism
3. imperialism
4. neutrality
1. end of the Opium War → creation of European spheres of influence
2. end of the Tokugawa Shogunate → beginning of the Meiji Restoration
3. fall of the Manchus → rise of Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen)
4. imperialism in China → start of World War II
When some European leaders agreed to Hitler’s demands concerning Czechoslovakia in 1938, they were supporting a policy of
1. détente
2. balance of power
3. collective security
4. appeasement
What was one reason that India was divided into two nations in 1947?
1. Indian leaders disagreed about India’s role in the United Nations.
2. Great Britain feared a unified India would be a military threat.
3. The Soviet Union insisted that India should have a communist government.
4. Differences between the Hindus and the Muslims created religious conflict.
Which factor most helped Communist Party forces gain control of China after World War II?
1. The United States sent weapons to the Communists.
2. The Japanese gave economic aid to the Nationalists.
3. The Communists gained the support of China’s peasant class.
4. The Chinese Nationalists set up their own government in Taiwan.
Which event illustrates the policy of containment?
1. Nuremberg trials (1945–1946)
2. Hungarian revolt (1956)
3. launching of Sputnik (1957)
4. naval blockade of Cuba (1962)
Which practice in medieval Europe was most similar to a Japanese warrior’s code of bushido?
1. indulgences
2. serfdom
3. chivalry
4. tribute
1. end of the Cold War
2. importance of the Berlin airlift
3. creation of a divided Germany
4. fear of Nazism among Germans
In Iran, both the Revolution of 1979 and the rise of Islamic fundamentalism have caused
1. an increase in women’s rights
2. tension between traditionalism and modernization to continue
3. foreign control of natural resources to expand
4. the introduction of a communist form of government
Which sequence of events is listed in the correct chronological order?
1. Crusades → French Revolution → Renaissance
2. French Revolution → Crusades → Renaissance
3. Crusades → Renaissance → French Revolution
4. Renaissance → Crusades → French Revolution
Which period of history had the greatest influence on the Enlightenment ideas of natural law and reason?
1. Pax Romana
2. Middle Ages
3. Age of Exploration
4. Scientific Revolution
1. The main task in fighting terrorism is to eliminate nuclear weapons.
2. The battle against terrorism will be long and difficult.
3. New equipment is needed to eliminate terrorism.
4. The methods of dealing with global terrorism have created consensus.
Which pair of belief systems share a belief that spirits reside in natural objects and forms?
1. Hinduism and Confucianism
2. Islam and Judaism
3. Shintoism and animism
4. Christianity and Buddhism
1. isolation
2. cultural diffusion
3. armed conflict
4. urbanization
1. Charlemagne
2. Mansa Musa
3. Alexander the Great
4. Suleiman the Magnificent
1. Arab Accomplishments
2. Achievements of Meso-American Civilizations
3. Russian Law and Architecture
4. Byzantine Achievements
Which statement about the Tang dynasty is a fact rather than an opinion?
1. Technical advances would have been greater if the Tang dynasty had lasted longer.
2. China’s best emperors came from the Tang dynasty.
3. The Tang emperors granted government jobs to scholars who passed examinations.
4. The culture of the Tang dynasty was superior to that of the Han dynasty.
During the feudal period in Europe, power and position in society were based on the
1. amount of money earned
2. level of education achieved
3. number of slaves owned
4. amount of land possessed
Revival of trade in western Europe, decline of feudalism, revival of interest in learning, and
cultural interaction with the Middle East are associated with the
1. impact of the Crusades
2. effects of the barter system
3. growth of the Maya Empire
4. rise of Charlemagne
In western Europe, Martin Luther’s Ninety-five Theses and Henry VIII’s Act of Supremacy led to
1. an end to Christian unity
2. a strengthening of economic unity
3. better relations between peasants and merchants
4. fewer violent outbreaks between ethnic groups
1. French Revolution
2. Renaissance
3. Early Middle Ages
4. Enlightenment
During the 15th century, which two European countries began sea voyages of exploration?
1. Germany and Italy
2. Portugal and Spain
3. England and France
4. Russia and the Netherlands
The Aztec use of the calendar and the Maya writing system both illustrate that pre-Columbian cultures in the Americas
1. traded extensively with Africa
2. flourished prior to European contact
3. declined because of invasion and disease
4. converted others to Islam
What was a major cause of the French Revolution?
1. inequalities in the tax structure
2. economic success of mercantilism
3. failure of the Congress of Vienna
4. Continental System in Europe
The Sepoy Rebellion was to India as the Boxer Rebellion was to
1. Russia
2. China
3. Japan
4. Italy
What was the immediate cause of World War I in Europe?
1. start of the civil war in Russia
2. sinking of the British liner, Lusitania
3. assassination of the heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
4. attack on Poland by the German army
Under communism in the former Soviet Union, people were required to
1. reject modern technology
2. limit the size of their families
3. honor their ancestors and religious traditions
4. put the interests of the state before individual gain
Many historians believe that the harsh terms found in the Treaty of Versailles helped lead to
1. Italy’s unification
2. Turkey’s modernization
3. revolutions in Russia
4. World War II
1. development of peacetime alliances
2. collapse of the Soviet Union
3. rejection of imperialism by Western nations
4. tensions between the superpowers
One reason the Chinese Communists were able to gain control of China was primarily due to the support of the
1. peasants
2. landed elite
3. foreigners
4. warlords
1. defeat of the Taliban-controlled government
2. rise of the Ayatollah Khomeini
3. signing of the Camp David Accords
4. signing of the Camp David Accords
Which nation had the greatest influence on the recent histories of Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Tibet?
1. India
2. South Korea
3. China
4. Russia
1. Traditional social and economic patterns are difficult to change.
2. Women have become outspoken supporters of the government in India.
3. The United Nations only holds conferences on problems that are easy to solve.
4. India is the most populated nation in the world.
1. depletion of the ozone layer
2. treatment of infectious diseases
3. nuclear proliferation
4. international terrorism
One similarity in the rule of Julius Caesar, Genghis Khan, and Catherine the Great is that each leader
1. required the use of Latin throughout the empire
2. engaged in territorial expansion
3. introduced the use of gunpowder in warfare
4. encouraged the spread of independence movements
One similarity in the unification of Italy, the Zionist movement, and the breakup of the Ottoman Empire was that each was influenced by
1. humanism
2. polytheism
3. nationalism
4. imperialism
1. Civil liberties were promoted.
2. Voting rights were extended to women.
3. Leaders won the support of all groups.
4. One group seized power and limited opposition.
A comparison of the actions of the Jacobins during the French Revolution and the actions of the Bolsheviks during the Russian Revolution indicates that revolutions sometimes
1. occur in a peaceful manner
2. gain the support of wealthy landowners
3. ignore urban workers
4. bring radicals to power
Which activity would be most characteristic of people in a traditional society?
1. serving in government assemblies
2. working in an industrialized city
3. having the same occupation as their parents
4. establishing a mercantile system of trade
What is the main reason the Neolithic Revolution is considered a turning point in world history?
1. Fire was used as a source of energy for the first time.
2. Spoken language was used to improve communication.
3. Domestication of animals and cultivation of crops led to settled communities.
4. Stone tools and weapons were first developed.
1. Economic Development in Ancient Egypt
2. Cultural Diffusion in Mohenjo-Daro
3. Features of the Old Stone Age
4. Characteristics of Civilizations
One similarity between animism and Shinto is that people who follow these belief systems
1. practice filial piety
2. worship spirits in nature
3. are monotheistic
4. are required to make pilgrimages
One of the major achievements of Byzantine Emperor Justinian was that he
1. established a direct trade route with Ghana
2. defended the empire against the spread of Islam
3. brought Roman Catholicism to his empire
4. preserved and transmitted Greek and Roman culture
Both European medieval knights and Japanese samurai warriors pledged oaths of
1. loyalty to their military leader
2. devotion to their nation-state
3. service to their church
4. allegiance to their families
A direct impact that the printing press had on 16th-century Europe was that it encouraged the
1. spread of ideas
2. beginnings of communism
3. establishment of democracy
4. development of industrialization
Cervantes’ literary classic Don Quixote, the rule of Isabella and Ferdinand, and the art of El Greco are associated with the
1. Golden Age in Spain
2. Hanseatic League in Germany
3. Glorious Revolution in England
4. Renaissance in Italy
Which statement best describes a result of the encounter between Europeans and native populations of Latin America?
1. Native societies experienced rapid population growth.
2. European nations lost power and prestige in the New World.
3. Large numbers of natives migrated to Europe for a better life.
4. Plantations in the New World used enslaved Africans to replace native populations.
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
1. Russia
2. France
3. Spain
4. England
The Bolshevik Party in 1917 gained the support of the peasant class because they promised them
1. "Peace, Land, and Bread”
2. “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”
3. abolition of the secret police
4. democratic reforms in all levels of government
Which area was once controlled by Britain, suffered a mass starvation in the 1840s, and became an independent Catholic nation in 1922?
1. Scotland
2. India
3. Ghana
4. Ireland
1. Atatürk [Mustafa Kemal]
2. Ho Chi Minh
3. José de San Martín
4. Kwame Nkrumah
In the 1980s, Mikhail Gorbachev’s attempts to change the Soviet Union resulted in
1. an increase in tensions between India and the Soviet Union
2. a strengthening of the Communist Party
3. a shift from producing consumer goods to producing heavy machinery
4. a series of economic and political reforms
1. experiencing massive floods that might destroy the nation
2. struggling with the arrival of large numbers of freedom-seeking refugees
3. facing several dangers that threaten its existence as a new nation
4. celebrating its success as an independent nation
One way in which the Tang dynasty, the Gupta Empire, and the European Renaissance are similar is that they all included periods of
1. religious unity
2. democratic reforms
3. economic isolation
4. cultural achievements
What was one similar goal shared by Simón Bolívar and Mohandas Gandhi?
1. ending foreign control
2. promoting religious freedom
3. establishing a limited monarchy
4. creating collective farms
The Armenian Massacre, the “killing fields” of the Khmer Rouge, and Saddam Hussein’s attacks against the Kurds are examples of
1. apartheid
2. enslavement
3. human rights violations
4. forced collectivization
In western Europe, the Middle Ages began after the collapse of which empire?
1. Mughal
2. Roman
3. Ottoman
4. Byzantine
1. French
2. Russian
3. Chinese
4. Cuban
1. Clergy were spared from the Reign of Terror.
2. The Reign of Terror affected all classes equally.
3. The Reign of Terror crossed social and economic boundaries.
4. Peasants were the most frequent victims of the Reign of Terror.
1. Crusades
2. Age of Reason
3. Commercial Revolution
4. Scientific Revolution
1. beginning of World War I
2. outbreak of the Cold War
3. development of communist rule in Europe
4. strengthening of European monarchies
One similarity between the ancient civilizations in Egypt and in China is that they developed
1. nomadic lifestyles
2. monotheistic belief systems
3. democratic governments
4. written forms of communication
What is considered one of the Byzantine Empire’s greatest contributions to western European society?
1. spreading Hinduism throughout the region
2. supporting the Catholic Church
3. defeating the Mongols at Kiev
4. preserving Greek and Roman culture
Which circumstance best describes a long-term result of the Crusades?
1. Muslim control of Jerusalem ended.
2. Feudalism began in western Europe.
3. Cultural exchanges between the Middle East and Europe grew.
4. Christians and Muslims achieved a lasting peace.
1. Buddhism
2. Christianity
3. Islam
4. Confucianism
Which statement best expresses an idea held by many Renaissance humanist philosophers?
1. People should study worldly subjects as well as sacred matters.
2. Governments should establish overseas empires.
3. Individuals should withdraw from the world and study religion.
4. Scholars should dedicate themselves to the study of life after death.
Which document limited the power of the English monarchy during the Middle Ages?
1. Magna Carta
2. Twelve Tables
3. Justinian Code
4. Rig Veda
1. brought religious unity to Europe
2. shaped the Reformation and the Counter Reformation
3. ended the Glorious Revolution
4. expanded the importance of the Orthodox Church
Which nation had the most influence on the colonization of Latin America in the 1500s?
1. Spain
2. France
3. England
4. Netherlands
1. “Imperialism is a Glorious Pursuit.”
2. “Embrace African Diversity.”
3. “Unite All Africans.”
4. “Connecting Constantinople to Cairo.”
Porfirio Díaz, Francisco “Pancho” Villa, and Emiliano Zapata are all associated with the revolution in
1. Haiti
2. Mexico
3. Bolivia
4. Nicaragua
One effect of industrialization on Meiji Japan was that it
1. strengthened the power of the Shogunate
2. decreased the level of pollution
3. modernized transportation
4. increased the number of small farms
What was a major cause of World War I?
1. rebellions in colonial lands in Africa and Asia
2. expansion of communism into western Europe
3. militarism in the nations of Europe
4. inability of the League of Nations to keep the peace
The policy of appeasement helped cause World War II because this policy
1. reduced the armaments of major European powers
2. gave too much power to the United Nations
3. increased sea trade between England and the United States
4. allowed the aggressive actions of Germany to go unchecked
One reason for the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961 was to
1. promote reunification of East Germany and West Germany
2. keep East Germans from fleeing to the Western sector of Berlin
3. complete the post–World War II rebuilding of Berlin
4. meet the requirements of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
One reason Mikhail Gorbachev implemented the policies of glasnost and perestroika in the Soviet Union was to
1. eliminate freedom of speech and press
2. destroy the power of the opposition party
3. dominate the governments of Eastern Europe
4. encourage political discussion and economic reform
In 2003, the United States and Great Britain invaded Iraq. At the time, which two reasons did these allies give for this invasion?
1. higher education issues
2. social and economic issues
3. cultural literacy
4. individual responsibility
Which problem faces many of the least developed nations today?
1. Too many varieties of crops are being grown.
2. An excess of investment capital is available.
3. High rates of illiteracy are limiting economic development.
4. A high-calorie diet is causing obesity.
1. Results of the Fall of Rome
2. Effects of the Neolithic Revolution
3. Reasons for the Puritan Revolution
4. Causes of the Bantu Migration
Which factor best characterizes the art of both ancient Greece and the Renaissance?
1. emphasis on the human form
2. focus on biblical themes
3. dominance of landscape paintings
4. influence of the West African tradition
What was a direct result of the Opium War in 19th-century China?
1. Japan gained control of Hong Kong.
2. Kublai Khan rose to power in China.
3. Chinese ports were opened for trade with European powers.
4. Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek) fled to Taiwan.
One way in which Peter the Great and Atatürk (Mustafa Kemal) are similar is that they sought to
1. gain a warm-water port
2. adopt western-style reforms
3. limit the role of women in society
4. return to traditional values
The caste system in India was characterized by
1. toleration for various religious beliefs
2. equality between men and women
3. a lack of social mobility
4. the right of people to choose their occupations
Which belief is most closely associated with the philosophy of Confucianism?
1. nirvana
2. reincarnation
3. prayer
4. filial piety
What was one result of large armies traveling great distances during the Crusades?
1. Europe’s population severely declined.
2. Democracy in the Middle East grew.
3. Cultural diffusion increased.
4. Slavery was eliminated.
1. advanced technology existed in early civilizations
2. religion was of little importance
3. entertainment was important to these ancient societies
4. trade routes existed between China and the Americas
The terms Bushido, samurai, and daimyo are most closely associated with which group in Japanese history?
1. emperors
2. warriors
3. peasants
4. merchants
In 1453, the Ottoman Empire rose to power by defeating the
1. Holy Roman Empire
2. European crusaders
3. Byzantine Empire
4. Mongol invaders
1. Protestant Reformation
2. Crusades
3. Age of Reason
4. Puritan Revolution
A study of the revolutions in Latin America in the 19th century would show that
1. religion was a major cause of the conflicts
2. Spanish-born peninsulares led most of the Latin American uprisings
3. nationalism had little influence on the outcome
4. events in North America and Europe influenced Latin Americans
Which individual is associated with the phrase blood and iron as related to the unification of Germany?
1. Otto von Bismarck
2. Giuseppe Garibaldi
3. Kaiser Wilhelm II
4. Count Camillo di Cavour
One similarity between the Sepoy Mutiny and the Boxer Rebellion is that they
1. opposed European imperialism
2. ended an established dynasty
3. resulted in the redistribution of land
4. instituted communist governments
What was a direct result of World War I?
1. Nicholas II was named czar of Russia.
2. Germany lost its colonies in Africa and Asia.
3. Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by a terrorist.
4. The Ottoman Empire expanded.
1. United Nations
2. Congress of Vienna
3. Warsaw Pact
4. League of Nations
1. Mongolia and China
2. India and Pakistan
3. Burma and Thailand
4. Cambodia and Laos
Mikhail Gorbachev’s reforms of perestroika and glasnost resulted in
1. an era of world peace and Soviet prosperity
2. conditions that helped lead to the breakup of the Soviet Union
3. a successful transition to a command economy in Russia
4. censorship of the news media in Russia
Kim Jong Il and Fidel Castro are 21st-century leaders who believe in the ideas of
1. Karl Marx
2. Adam Smith
3. Siddhartha Gautama
4. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
1. There are problems to resolve on the road to peace.
2. Colin Powell has removed the stumbling blocks to peace.
3. Both groups have reached agreement on the road map for peace.
4. The road to peace has been carefully mapped.
1. Iraqis
2. Hamas
3. Egyptians
4. Israelis
1. Tensions of the Cold War
2. Effects of Nationalism
3. Causes of World War II
4. Results of Economic Revolutions
A. Crusades
B. Fall of the Roman Empire
C. Golden Age of Greece
D. Renaissance

Which sequence of letters places these events in the correct chronological order?
1. A → B → C → D
2. D → C → B → A
3. C → B → A → D
4. C → D → B → A
One way in which Asoka, Mansa Musa, and Suleiman the Magnificent are similar is that they
1. established republics
2. led nationalist movements
3. ruled during times of prosperity
4. discouraged scientific advancements
1. Industrial Revolution
2. Agricultural Revolution
3. Age of Imperialism
4. Age of Absolutism
1. Industrial Revolution
2. Age of Enlightenment
3. Age of Imperialism
4. Cold War
1. technological developments used during World War I
2. formation of alliances in World War II
3. tension between the superpowers during the Cold War
4. protests against reforms during the Indian independence movement
Which source of information is considered a primary source?
1. travel diary of Ibn Battuta
2. modern novel about the Golden Age of Islam
3. textbook on the history of North Africa
4. dictionary of English words adapted from Arabic
1. religion and government
2. transportation and trade
3. diet and shelter
4. climate and topography
1. filial piety
2. cultural diffusion
3. scientific research
4. ethnocentrism
Which belief system is most closely associated with the terms Eightfold Path, Four Noble Truths, and nirvana?
1. Buddhism
2. Christianity
3. Judaism
4. Shinto
Confucianism had a strong impact on the development of China mainly because this philosophy
1. established a basic structure for military rule
2. provided a basis for social order
3. contained the framework for a communist government
4. stressed the importance of the individual
The terms masters, apprentices, and journeymen are most closely associated with the
1. encomienda system of Latin America
2. guild system of Europe in the Middle Ages
3. civil service system of China during the Tang dynasty
4. caste system of India
One major characteristic of the Renaissance period is that the
1. Catholic Church no longer had any influence in Europe
2. manor became the center of economic activity
3. classical cultures of Greece and Rome were revived and imitated
4. major language of the people became Latin
1. Age of Exploration
2. Scientific Revolution
3. Crusades
4. Protestant Reformation
A major reason for Zheng He’s voyages during the 15th century was to
1. promote trade and collect tribute
2. establish colonies in Africa and India
3. seal off China’s borders from foreign influence
4. prove the world was round
From the 15th to the 18th centuries, absolute monarchs of Europe and Asia sought to
1. increase the power of the Catholic Church
2. centralize their political power
3. redistribute land to the peasants
4. strengthen feudalism
Seventeenth-century scholars Galileo Galilei and René Descartes faced serious challenges to their scientific theories because their ideas
1. were based on the Bible
2. contradicted traditional medieval European beliefs
3. relied only on teachings from non-Christian cultures
4. Formation of Democratic Governments
1. Reasons For Communist Revolutions
2. Effects of Nationalism
3. Methods of Propaganda
4. Formation of Democratic Governments
1. The British made no promises to either the Arabs or the Jews.
2. The Arab-Israeli conflict can be traced in part to British promises.
3. The United Nations did not try to prevent conflict in the Middle East.
4. Only the Jews were promised an independent state in Palestine.
1. Czar Nicholas II
2. Nikita Khrushchev
3. Vladimir I. Lenin
4. Mikhail Gorbachev
1. guerilla
2. nuclear
3. biological
4. trench
1. threats to the environment by developed and developing economies
2. differences between command and market economies
3. economic costs of World War II
4. dangers of the Cold War
1. had formed an alliance for peace
2. were determined to defeat communism
3. had supported a peaceful international solution
4. were committed to aggression
One way in which Ho Chi Minh, Fidel Castro, and Kim Jong Il are similar is that each
1. set up democratic governments
2. used Marxist political principles
3. overthrew a ruling monarch
4. promoted Confucian principles
1. The original causes of apartheid have not been eliminated.
2. Apartheid improved race relations in South Africa.
3. Peace can be achieved by nonviolence.
4. Hate is caused by poverty.
Ethnic cleansing in Bosnia, the killing fields of Cambodia (Kampuchea), and the dirty war in Argentina are all examples of
1. nationalist revolts
2. human rights violations
3. international terrorism
4. religious conflicts
Studying the architectural features of the Parthenon, Notre Dame Cathedral, and the Taj Mahal provides information about the
1. beliefs and values of a given culture
2. climatic changes in an area
3. 19th-century use of technology
4. influence of Chinese design
1. Puritan (1642)
2. French (1789)
3. Mexican (1910)
4. Russian (1917)
The golden ages of the Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman Empires can be attributed in part to
1. cultural isolation
2. stable governments
3. command economies
4. distinct social classes
One way in which Simón Bolívar, Jomo Kenyatta, and Mohandas Gandhi are similar is that each
1. led a nationalist movement
2. used nonviolent tactics
3. supported imperialism
4. opposed communism
One way in which the Sepoy Mutiny in India, the Zulu resistance in southern Africa, and the Boxer Rebellion in China are similar is that each resulted from
1. government policies of ethnic cleansing
2. attempts by democratic forces to overthrow the monarchy
3. native reaction to foreign interference in the region
4. government denial of access to fertile farmland
Which description accurately identifies Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle?
1. rulers of the Roman Republic
2. artists of the Italian Renaissance
3. religious leaders of the Protestant Reformation
4. philosophers of ancient Greece
In China, the development of civil service examinations and a belief in filial piety reflect the influence of
1. Shinto
2. Jainism
3. Confucianism
4. Buddhism
1. Seljuk Turks Dominate Europe
2. Democracy Ends in Eastern Europe
3. Feudalism Declines in Western Europe
4. Religion Becomes Powerful Force in Europe
One way in which the African kingdoms of Ghana and Mali are similar is that they
1. established their wealth through trade
2. improved their military strength with the use of gunpowder
3. opened trade routes to the Americas
4. adopted Christianity as their major religion
1. Early Middle Ages
2. Industrial Revolution
3. Renaissance
4. Hellenistic Period
One similarity between Martin Luther and Henry VIII is that they
1. argued against the establishment of a theocratic state
2. protested against the ideas of the Enlightenment
3. died during the Reign of Terror
4. challenged the teachings of the Catholic Church
1. printing press
2. astrolabe
3. paper currency
4. caravel
1. The mill was managed by the church.
2. Religion played a significant role in the lives of the residents.
3. The church controlled trade within the manor.
4. The church played a limited role in education.
What was one reason the Spanish conquistadors were able to conquer the Aztec Empire?
1. The Spanish soldiers made effective use of their military technology against the Aztecs.
2. Aztec religious beliefs promoted nonviolence.
3. Spain joined the Incas in their fight against the Aztecs.
4. The Spanish cavalry outnumbered the Aztec warriors.
Which statement describes an impact of the Columbian exchange on the lives of Europeans?
1. The combination of new products and ideas promoted economic growth.
2. Native Americans immigrated to Europe and competed with Europeans for jobs.
3. Millions of Europeans were killed by new American diseases.
4. Introduction of the Native American religions resulted in the decline of the Roman Catholic Church.
One political objective of both Otto von Bismarck and Giuseppe Garibaldi was to
1. overthrow divine right monarchies
2. unify their nations
3. establish communist systems
4. form an alliance with Great Britain
Commodore Matthew Perry’s visits to Japan in 1853 and 1854 resulted in the
1. colonization of Japan by the United States
2. transfer of spheres of influence to China
3. introduction of Christianity to Japanese society
4. opening of trade and diplomatic relations with Japan
The term militarism can best be defined as
1. loyalty to a nation or ethnic group
2. buildup of armaments in preparation for war
3. avoidance of military involvement in civil wars
4. control of territories for economic and political gain
1. Truman Doctrine
2. Marshall Plan
3. Fourteen Points
4. Balfour Declaration
Which slogan is associated with the Bolshevik (Russian) Revolution?
1. “An Eye for an Eye”
2. “Peace, Land, and Bread”
3. “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”
4. “Take up the White Man’s Burden”
Mohandas Gandhi is most closely associated with the
1. support of violence and terrorism to end British rule
2. desire to strengthen the caste system
3. use of civil disobedience to gain political freedom
4. establishment of a national religion in India
1. blitz of London
2. attack on Pearl Harbor
3. D-Day invasion of Normandy
4. bombing of Hiroshima
What was a major reason for the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949?
1. to control European trade
2. to resist Soviet aggression
3. to support the blockade of Berlin
4. to strengthen communist governments
The histories of Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, and Finland have been greatly affected by their
1. proximity to Russia
2. abundant oil reserves
3. aggressive foreign policies
4. alliances with Israel
In 1989, the government of China responded to the challenge of protests in Tiananmen Square by
1. halting trade with the West
2. allowing democratic elections
3. sending in tanks and troops to end the demonstrations
4. calling for a special session of the United Nations Security Council
1. Emerging Nations of the World
2. Results of the Cold War
3. Economic Benefits of World War II
4. Ethnic Conflicts in the World
Which statement is a fact rather than an opinion?
1. The growing economy of Brazil threatens the economic power of the United States.
2. Free trade will lower the standard of living for workers in developed nations.
3. The European Union (EU) has issued a common currency called the euro.
4. Developing nations will never be able to compete with developed nations.
1. Developing nations will never be able to compete with developed nations.
2. Although black South Africans have overcome many obstacles to achieve freedom, many struggles lie ahead.
3. The mountains of South Africa have hindered black South African participation in national elections.
4. The reconstruction of South Africa can only be achieved through violence, treason, and defiance.
A study of the fall of the Roman Empire (476) and of the collapse of the Soviet Union (1991) shows that powerful empires can
1. lose strength when mercenaries enforce reforms
2. be threatened only when directly attacked by outsiders
3. conquer more than one continent and remain stable
4. be weakened by both internal and external pressures
Which sequence of Russian events is in the correct chronological order?

A. Catherine the Great westernizes Russia.
B. Ivan III defeats the Mongols.
C. Khrushchev places missiles in Cuba.
D. Czar Nicholas II abdicates the throne.
1. A → B → C → D
2. B → A → D → C
3. B → C → A → D
4. D → A → C → B
1. icons
2. fossils
3. artifacts
4. replicas
Which ancient civilization is associated with the Twelve Tables, an extensive road system, and the poets Horace and Virgil?
1. Babylonian
2. Greek
3. Phoenician
4. Roman
The term feudalism is best defined as a
1. holy war between Christians and Muslims
2. process in which goods are traded for other goods
3. division of political power between three separate branches
4. system in which land is exchanged for military service and loyalty
1. Age of Discovery
2. Byzantine Empire
3. Persian Empire
4. Crusades
1. The women had equal status to the men.
2. The social structure was hierarchical.
3. Social mobility was unrestricted.
4. Soldiers outnumbered farmers.
Which period in European history is most closely associated with Leonardo da Vinci, Michaelangelo, William Shakespeare, and Nicolaus Copernicus?
1. Early Middle Ages
2. Renaissance
3. Age of Absolutism
4. Enlightenment
Which situation is considered a cause of the other three?
1. Religious unity declines throughout Europe.
2. The Catholic Counter-Reformation begins.
3. The power of the Roman Catholic Church decreases.
4. Martin Luther posts the Ninety-five Theses.
1. religion was mingled with historic traditions
2. most people belonged to minority religions
3. rulers tried to separate politics from religion
4. rulers operated under a strict set of laws
1. Mughal dynasty in India
2. Abbasid dynasty in the Middle East
3. Ming dynasty in China
4. Tokugawa shogunate in Japan
One major effect of Napoleon’s rule of France was that it led to
1. an increase in the power of the Roman Catholic Church
2. massive emigration to the Americas
3. trade agreements with Great Britain
4. a restoration of political stability
A major goal of both the Sepoy Mutiny in India and the Boxer Rebellion in China was to
1. rid their countries of foreigners
2. expand their respective territories
3. receive international military support
4. restore an absolute monarch to the throne
One goal of the League of Nations was to
1. promote peaceful relations worldwide
2. stimulate the economy of Europe
3. bring World War I to an end
4. encourage a strong alliance system
1. Adolf Hitler
2. Joseph Stalin
3. Deng Xiaoping
4. Jawaharlal Nehru
Which group was accused of violating human rights in the city of Nanjing during World War II?
1. Americans
2. Chinese
3. Japanese
4. Germans
One way in which the Hitler Youth of Germany and the Red Guard of China are similar is that both organizations
1. required unquestioning loyalty to the leader
2. helped increase religious tolerance
3. hindered imperialistic goals
4. led pro-democracy movements
1. causes of the conflict in Vietnam
2. reasons for the Nationalist settlement of Taiwan
3. factors that led to the Korean War
4. results of the Marshall Plan
1. stop buying British goods
2. reject Muslim rule
3. join the Indian army
4. expand British textile manufacturing
1. Thomas Malthus
2. Adam Smith
3. Karl Marx
4. Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-Shek)
1. Israel withdrew from the Camp David Accords.
2. The Palestinian army is superior to the Israeli army.
3. Long-lasting peace in the Middle East has been difficult to achieve.
4. Neighboring countries have not been involved in the Arab-Israeli conflict.
In the 20th century, urbanization affected the developing nations of Africa, Asia, and Latin America by
1. reducing literacy rates
2. weakening traditional values
3. strengthening caste systems
4. increasing the isolation of women
In August 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait. The United Nations response led to the Persian Gulf War of 1991. This response is an example of
1. détente
2. empire building
3. totalitarianism
4. collective security
1. Russian
2. Mexican
3. French
4. Cuban
One way in which José de San Martín, Camillo Cavour, and Jomo Kenyatta are similar is that each leader
1. made significant scientific discoveries
2. led nationalist movements
3. fought against British imperialism
4. became a communist revolutionary
Which set of events in 19th- and 20th-century Chinese history is in the correct chronological order?
1. Great Leap Forward → Opium Wars → Long March → Four Modernizations
2. Four Modernizations → Long March → Opium Wars → Great Leap Forward
3. Opium Wars → Long March → Great Leap Forward → Four Modernizations
4. Long March → Four Modernizations → Great Leap Forward → Opium Wars
A study of Spain during the late 1400s, the Balkan States during the early 1900s, Rwanda during the 1990s, and Central Asia today shows that
1. civil disobedience is an effective way to bring about change
2. people have been encouraged to question tradition
3. colonial rule has a lasting legacy
4. ethnic conflicts have been a recurring issue in history
Ethnocentrism is best defined as
1. the belief that one’s culture is superior to all others
2. military preparation for a civil war
3. love and devotion to one’s country
4. a belief in one god
The Neolithic Revolution is considered a turning point in history because it
1. influenced climatic changes
2. included the domestication of plants and animals
3. encouraged a nomadic lifestyle
4. caused a decline in population
Which action is most closely associated with polytheism?
1. praying in a synagogue
2. accepting the Eightfold Path
3. worshipping many gods
4. reading the Koran
1. Development of the Wheel
2. Preservation of Greek and Roman Culture
3. Creation of the Compass
4. Utilization of Cuneiform
In western Europe, feudalism developed after the
1. Roman Empire collapsed
2. Renaissance began
3. city of Constantinople fell
4. Mongols invaded
1. has been neglected by experts
2. was of little importance
3. is the subject of debate and interpretation
4. illustrates the importance of tolerance and understanding
1. Charlemagne
2. Elizabeth I
3. Peter the Great
4. Suleiman the Magnificent
The encomienda system in colonial Latin America led to the
1. use of forced labor
2. establishment of trade unions
3. increase in landownership by Native Americans
4. weakening of the power of peninsulares
1. Cold War
2. World War I
3. Russian Revolution
4. Industrial Revolution
What was a principal reason for the success of European colonialism in Asia in the late 1800s?
1. Asians respected Europeans as representatives of an advanced civilization.
2. Europe was able to dominate military and commercial relations with Asia.
3. Europeans respected Asian laws and customs.
4. Many Asians adopted European religious practices.
Which action in Japanese history occurred during the Meiji Restoration?
1. Japan modernized its economy.
2. Mongols invaded the islands of Japan.
3. The Japanese government adopted an isolationist policy.
4. Buddhism became the official religion of Japan.
1. Russia started to mobilize for war against Serbia.
2. Nicholas II condemned the efforts of Wilhelm II.
3. Russia supported the use of extreme measures.
4. Nicholas II hoped diplomacy would prevent war.
1. the Franco-Prussian War
2. the Russo-Japanese War
3. World War I
4. World War II
1. the Congress of Vienna
2. its defeat of Napoleon
3. the Treaty of Versailles
4. its defeat in World War II
Mohandas Gandhi’s protests in India were a response to Great Britain’s
1. support of Zionism
2. practice of humanitarianism
3. introduction of socialism
4. policy of colonialism
1. Social concerns are often overemphasized.
2. Africa’s issues are often overshadowed by events in other regions.
3. Too much time is devoted to European affairs.
4. Africa’s problems can be solved if global powers cooperate.
What has the end of communism in the Soviet Union caused many countries in Eastern Europe to do?
1. shift to a command economy
2. maintain a communist form of government
3. pursue free-market economic policies
4. join the Warsaw Pact
Which type of warfare did Mao Zedong, Fidel Castro, and Ho Chi Minh all engage in as leaders of revolutionary movements in their respective nations?
1. guerilla
2. trench
3. unrestricted submarine
4. biological
Which statement about the Balkan Peninsula since 1995 is most accurate?
1. Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia are now both controlled by Yugoslavia.
2. Ethnic tensions and conflict continue to be a problem in much of the region.
3. Slobodan Milosevic of Serbia became the first democratically elected leader of the region.
4. The Balkan Peninsula has become one of the most prosperous regions in Europe.
A goal of both the Boxer Rebellion in China and the Mau Mau movement in Kenya was to
1. promote laissez-faire capitalism
2. end foreign control
3. develop modern industries
4. create a totalitarian state
1. Roman Empire
2. Crusades
3. Protestant Reformation
4. Enlightenment
1. roles of women
2. forms of prayer
3. types of education
4. means of salvation
Simón Bolívar, José de San Martin, and Toussaint l’Ouverture are best known as
1. scientists who supported the heliocentric theory
2. leaders of Latin American independence movements
3. early Spanish explorers of the New World
4. communist leaders of the 19th century
A. Kemal Atäturk rises to power in Turkey.
B. Pericles rules during the Golden Age of Athens.
C. Ayatollah Khomeini seizes power in Iran.
D. Robespierre comes to power during the French Revolution.

What is the correct sequence of these events?
1. C → B → A → D
2. B → C → D → A
3. A → C → B → D
4. B → D → A → C
A direct result of the Neolithic Revolution is that people
1. began living in permanent settlements
2. developed a nomadic way of life
3. depended on hunting and gathering
4. used crop rotation to increase agricultural output
Which practice is most closely associated with a person of the Islamic faith?
1. refraining from eating meat on Fridays
2. praying five times a day
3. following the Eightfold Path
4. worshipping many gods
The Gupta Empire was best known for its
1. advances in mathematics and medicine
2. efforts to resist European imperialism
3. development of the barter system
4. construction of Angkor Wat
A major contribution of the Byzantine Empire was the
1. invention of the wheel and gunpowder
2. participation of citizens in government
3. diffusion of Hindu beliefs
4. preservation of Greek science and Roman engineering
1. environmental changes can affect human society
2. contact with other societies can lead to conflict and war
3. economic change can be slow and almost unnoticed
4. technological advances can lead to major change
Martin Luther was primarily dissatisfied with the Roman Catholic Church because he
1. thought the church lacked structure
2. disagreed with the sale of indulgences
3. blamed the church for not curing people who had the plague
4. believed that kings should have more power to appoint clergy
1. Ottoman Empire
2. Spanish Empire
3. Persian Empire
4. Russian Empire
What was a direct result of the trans-Atlantic slave trade on African cultures?
1. Many African communities faced economic disaster.
2. European industrial factories were established throughout Africa.
3. Animism was no longer practiced in Africa.
4. Africans across the continent hired Europeans to train their military.
What was one effect of the French Revolution?
1. Differences between ethnic groups were eliminated.
2. Communism became popular.
3. Militarism was discouraged.
4. Nationalistic feelings were stimulated.
One way in which the Sepoy Rebellion in India and the Boxer Rebellion in China are similar is that both attempted to
1. remove foreign influences
2. restore democracy
3. modernize their economy
4. end religious conflict
The Opium Wars of the mid-19th century marked the beginning of the
1. rivalry between China and Taiwan
2. domination of China by foreign powers
3. decline of European influence in East Asia
4. global effort to combat drug use
The Iranian Revolution of 1979 resulted in the establishment of
1. a secular Western-style democracy
2. a constitutional monarchy
3. a military dictatorship
4. an Islamic state
Mikhail Gorbachev contributed to the fall of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe by
1. introducing the policies of perestroika and glasnost
2. violating nuclear arms agreements
3. invading Afghanistan
4. signing the Camp David Accords
Which statement about the Green Revolution is most accurate?
1. It reduced the amount of chemical pollutants in the environment.
2. It increased food output in many developing countries.
3. It decreased dependence on fossil fuels.
4. It attempted to end colonial rule.
One way in which Pax Romana and Pax Mongolia are similar is that both were characterized by
1. political stability
2. unifying religious institutions
3. representative forms of government
4. social equality for men and women
One way in which Emperor Meiji and Atatürk are similar is that they both promoted
1. isolation and nationalism
2. capitalism and democracy
3. revolution and absolutism
4. reform and modernization
1. Saddam Hussein and the Persian Gulf War
2. Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen) and the Defeat of the Manchu Dynasty
3. Joseph Stalin and the Rise of a Totalitarian State
4. Jawaharlal Nehru and the Modern Industrial State of India
Before September 1939, the European response to Hitler’s actions included
1. following a policy of appeasement
2. blockading the coast of Germany
3. forcing Germany to sign the Versailles Treaty
4. creating alliances under the United Nations Charter
1. Mexican
2. Russian
3. Chinese
4. Cuban
1. World War I
2. World War II
3. the Korean War
4. the Six-Day War
1. colonialism
2. isolationism
3. ethnocentrism
4. cultural diffusion
What was a result of the Neolithic Revolution?
1. Civilizations developed.
2. Humans first learned to use fire.
3. Life expectancy declined.
4. People began hunting and gathering for food.
Which belief system is considered monotheistic?
1. Jainism
2. Daoism
3. Judaism
4. Shinto
1. Gupta
2. Maurya
3. Persian
4. British
Technological achievements made during the Tang and Song dynasties were important because they
1. were used to defeat Kublai Khan
2. contributed to economic growth and cultural advancement
3. increased contact with the Americas
4. led to social equality between men and women
What was a major characteristic of the Renaissance in Europe?
1. Secular achievements were emphasized.
2. Suffrage was granted to men and women.
3. Most literature was written in Arabic.
4. Most ancient Greek and Roman ideas were rejected.
1. Improvements Under the Tokugawa
2. Achievements of Medieval Europe
3. Developments in Ancient Ghana
4. Changes Resulting From the Counter Reformation
Which advancement in technology revolutionized the way ideas were spread throughout western Europe in the 15th century?
1. development of the astrolabe
2. introduction of the telegraph
3. improvements to the printing press
4. creation of the telescope
One way in which Toussaint L’Ouverture, Simón Bolívar, and José de San Martín are similar is that they
1. supported the Reconquista
2. led independence movements
3. fought for Native American suffrage
4. defended the encomienda system
The Sepoy Rebellion is considered an important event in Indian history because it was one cause of the
1. independence movement in India
2. secession of Bangladesh from Pakistan
3. establishment of French colonies in India
4. creation of the Mughal Empire by Muslims
The term empire is best defined as
1. a political unit that has a common religious faith
2. a government ruled by the consent of the people
3. an extensive territory under the rule of a single authority
4. a country that requires conquered peoples to assimilate
The Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente contributed to the start of World War I by
1. failing to include Germany and France as members
2. threatening countries in the Western Hemisphere
3. allowing Japanese aggression in Korea
4. increasing tensions between European countries
Mohandas Gandhi’s protests during India’s independence movement were often successful because of his application of
1. an appeasement policy
2. civil disobedience
3. traditional caste beliefs
4. divide-and-conquer principles
The primary purpose of the United Nations is to
1. control world grain prices
2. promote democratic governments
3. resolve conflicts between nations peacefully
4. unite all nations militarily through alliances
World War II was a turning point for many European colonies in Africa and Asia because the war led to
1. the occupation of most European colonies by United Nations troops
2. increased efforts by these colonies to gain independence
3. the expansion of European imperialism
4. decreased friction between the Europeans and their colonies
One way in which the Korean War and the Vietnam War are similar is that both
1. resulted in unification of two formerly independent nations
2. reflected the success of the Western policy of containment
3. attempted to remove French imperialists from power
4. developed from Cold War tensions
One similarity in the results of the revolutions led by Fidel Castro in Cuba and by the Sandinistas in Nicaragua is that both
1. restored a monarchy
2. destroyed a theocracy
3. followed Marxist principles
4. protected freedom of the press
1. The instability in the Middle East has been ongoing.
2. The peace process in the Middle East is gaining ground.
3. The Middle East has greatly changed over thirty years.
4. The media shapes society’s perception of the Middle East.
In European and Japanese feudal societies, social status was usually determined by
1. marriage
2. birth
3. individual abilities
4. education and training
Which document established the principle of limited monarchy in England?
1. Twelve Tables
2. Magna Carta
3. Act of Supremacy
4. Balfour Declaration
The Boxer Rebellion and the work of Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen) are most closely associated with the
1. Long March
2. Golden Age of China
3. Cultural Revolution
4. rise of nationalism in China
Poles in 1918 and Jews prior to 1948 are examples of
1. peoples without their own state
2. colonized peoples in the British Empire
3. groups that joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
4. groups represented on the United Nations Security Council
One similarity found in both Egyptian and Sumerian civilizations is that each developed a
1. monotheistic religion
2. compass
3. ziggurat
4. written language
Which text is essential to the practice of Islam?
1. New Testament
2. Analects
3. Torah
4. Qur’an (Koran)
The development of the concept of zero, the use of a decimal system, and the Buddhist cave paintings at Ajanta are all achievements of the
1. Inca Empire
2. Gupta Empire
3. Roman Republic
4. Kingdom of Songhai
What was the most important force in providing unity and stability throughout western Europe during the Middle Ages?
1. church
2. nobility
3. inquisition
4. military
1. nomadic lifestyle
2. superior horsemanship
3. psychological warfare
4. religious conversion
What was one cause of the Protestant Reformation?
1. revolt by the Moors in Spain
2. passage of the Act of Supremacy in England
3. call for the Council of Trent by Pope Paul III
4. corruption among high officials of the Catholic Church
During the Ming dynasty, why did China stop investing in overseas naval expeditions?
1. Many foreigners were imitating Chinese culture.
2. Chinese leaders saw little value in exploration.
3. People disagreed with Confucius’s demand for more territory.
4. Chinese merchants were threatened by foreign competition.
The struggles for political independence in Latin America during the early 1800s were most directly influenced by the
1. Berlin Conference
2. doctrine of liberation theology
3. American and French Revolutions
4. writings of Count Camillo di Cavour
Which African group centralized its rule and adopted new military techniques that challenged the power of the British and the Boers in South Africa?
1. Zulu
2. Ashanti
3. Ibo
4. Masai
Which action did Japanese leaders take directly following the visit of Commodore Perry in 1853?
1. They attacked the British navy.
2. They opened more ports to trade.
3. They increased the power of the shogun.
4. They allowed the importation of opium into Japan.
Which event in Indian history could be considered a result of the other three?
1. Salt March
2. Amritsar Massacre
3. Sepoy Rebellion
4. passage of the Independence Act
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the immediate cause of
1. the Franco-Prussian War
2. the Russo-Japanese War
3. World War I
4. World War II
1. Mexican
2. Chinese
3. Iranian
4. Nicaraguan
1. repress dissent
2. accept criticism
3. favor change
4. go into exile
1. The United States refuses to become involved in another war.
2. Nuclear proliferation continues to threaten world peace.
3. The Cold War conflict continues today.
4. Pakistan is the dominant nuclear force in this region.
The goal of Mikhail Gorbachev’s policies of perestroika and glasnost was to
1. expand collectivization and communes
2. resume development of Soviet nuclear weapons
3. stimulate economic growth and political discussion
4. stop expansion of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) into Eastern Europe
Which Cold War event occurred last?
1. Cuban missile crisis
2. Korean War
3. fall of the Berlin Wall
4. Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
1. Byzantine
2. Persian
3. Mughal
4. British
One way in which the ancient Inca Empire and the Roman Empire are similar is that both
1. fought rivals for control of the sea
2. adopted Christianity as the state religion
3. traded with other civilizations along the Silk Road
4. built a system of roadways throughout their empires
What was one similarity between France during the 1790s and Germany during the 1920s?
1. Severe inflation contributed to the rise of radical political groups.
2. Scientific developments improved the standard of living.
3. Widespread intolerance of the Huguenots led to human rights abuses.
4. Military successes eliminated tensions with neighboring countries.
1. Tiananmen Square protests
2. Soweto uprisings
3. Russian Revolution
4. Cuban Revolution
1. Violations of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
2. Turning Points of the 20th Century
3. Reasons for Nonalignment
4. Results of the Industrial Revolution
1. efforts by the United Nations to restrict child slavery and indentured servitude
2. production of oil by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
3. trade agreements established by the World Trade Organization (WTO)
4. control of land in the Middle East by Palestinians and Jews
Which example best represents a primary source?
1. a 20th-century novel about events leading up to the French Revolution
2. film footage taken during the liberation of Nazi concentration camps
3. an interview with an expert on the fall of the Roman Empire
4. a lecture on the impact of the African slave trade on South America
A similarity between Shinto in Japan and animism in African societies is that both
1. use the Torah to establish law codes
2. stress the importance of the Eightfold Path
3. believe that spirits exist in nature
4. base social rank on a caste system
The Code of Hammurabi and Chinese legalism both rely on the idea that
1. governments must provide their people with rights
2. harsh laws are needed to control society
3. all subjects are equal under the law
4. religion and government must be brought closer together
One similarity between the Gupta Empire and the Arab dynasties of the Islamic Golden Age is that they
1. made advances in mathematics and literature
2. gained wealth by obtaining gold from the Americas
3. stressed the importance of dharma and karma
4. controlled territories around the Mediterranean seacoast
Which culture is credited with the development of gunpowder, the abacus, and the compass?
1. Chinese
2. Persian
3. Indian
4. Japanese
1. ethnocentrism
2. interdependence
3. cultural diffusion
4. colonialism
Humanism during the Italian Renaissance was focused on
1. the affairs of the church
2. self-sufficiency
3. the importance of the individual
4. political theories
Which individual’s work had the greatest impact on the spread of Martin Luther’s ideas?
1. Galileo Galilei
2. Niccolò Machiavelli
3. William Shakespeare
4. Johannes Gutenberg
The social class system in Latin America during the 16th and 17th centuries reflects the
1. dominance of Spanish-born nobility
2. emerging equality between classes
3. influence of mestizo economic power
4. increasing social mobility of Native American Indians
One way in which Suleiman the Magnificent and Akbar the Great are similar is that they both brought about periods of
1. political stability and religious tolerance
2. religious conquest and persecution
3. isolationism and cultural stagnation
4. modernization and political disunity
Which statement about the Scientific Revolution in Europe is accurate?
1. The existence of natural laws was rejected.
2. Scientists questioned traditional beliefs about the universe.
3. New ideas supported the geocentric theory of Ptolemy.
4. The Bible was used to justify new scientific findings.
Which of these developments in Africa was a cause of the other three?
1. Rival tribal groups fought wars.
2. The Berlin Conference of 1884 influenced colonial boundaries.
3. Traditional territories and culture groups were permanently fragmented.
4. African economies became dependent on the sale of cash crops and raw materials.
Which cultures fought with the Zulus in the 19th century over the control of land in South Africa?
1. German and French
2. Indian and Belgian
3. British and Boer
4. Ethiopian and Italian
1. signing of the Treaty of Nanjing
2. Russo-Japanese War
3. annexation of Korea
4. Sepoy Rebellion
Which statement about Turkish leader Atatürk is an opinion rather than a fact?
1. He promoted modernization.
2. His efforts led to the development of industries.
3. He encouraged people to wear western-style clothing.
4. His major accomplishment was the separation of church and state.
1. Czechs of a German invasion
2. Americans in Hawaii of a Japanese attack
3. Koreans of a Russian invasion
4. Japanese civilians of a United States attack
The Marshall Plan was designed to stop the spread of communism by providing
1. government housing to refugees
2. military assistance to Vietnam
3. funds for economic recovery in war-torn European nations
4. nuclear weapons to North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) members
1. The governments of different countries reacted in various ways to the same problem.
2. Population explosions took place in some countries during the 20th century.
3. Some countries looked toward other nations to help solve their problems.
4. Countries have had to address a variety of economic and social problems.
1. The development of computer technology is prohibited in China.
2. Chinese prisoners are denied access to computers.
3. Foreign software developers have flooded the Chinese market.
4. Some American firms have assisted the Chinese government in monitoring citizen computer usage.
What is a long-term effect of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979?
1. Communism was strengthened in South Asia.
2. Hostilities between China and India lessened.
3. The influence of militant Islamic groups increased in the region.
4. Tensions along the border between Pakistan and Afghanistan were reduced.
Armenians under Ottoman rule and Cambodians under the Khmer Rouge both experienced
1. an outbreak of the plague
2. human rights violations
3. economic sanctions
4. an agricultural revolution
One way in which the Council of Trent (1545–1563) and the Versailles Conference (1918–1919) are similar is that they both attempted to
1. restore stability after a period of conflict or disorder
2. address economic concerns by lowering tariffs
3. defend human rights by establishing written codes of law
4. encourage cultural development through the creation of universities
A primary reason the Mongols and the British were able to expand their empires through conquest was because of
1. a knowledge and command of advanced technologies
2. a rejection of democratic policies and practices
3. the development of religious and cultural reforms
4. an extended period of peaceful trade and commerce
Which event can be considered a conflict brought about in part by a religious reform movement?
1. World War I
2. Cuban Revolution
3. World War II
4. Iranian Revolution
Which document is considered a primary source?
1. encyclopedia article
2. modern textbook
3. biography
4. personal correspondence
Which Neolithic Revolution development led to the other three?
1. complex civilizations
2. surplus of food
3. division of labor
4. domestication of plants and animals
1. urbanization
2. a system of education
3. a code of laws
4. social classes
Which achievements are most closely associated with the Tang and Song dynasties of China?
1. wheel and stirrup
2. chinampas and calendar
3. gunpowder and movable wooden type
4. mosaics and domes
Which institution served as the primary unifying force in medieval western Europe?
1. legislature
2. church
3. monarchy
4. military
Which change to Christian church practice was suggested by Martin Luther?
1. increasing the sale of indulgences
2. installing statues of saints in churches
3. saying the mass in Latin so the faithful would learn it
4. printing the Bible in the vernacular so all could read it
China’s image of itself as the Middle Kingdom is associated with
1. welcoming foreign ideas and influences
2. mixing Western religions with traditional Chinese philosophies
3. controlling how contact occurs with other cultures
4. building the Grand Canal to expand trade within China
The signing of the Magna Carta in 1215 and the Glorious Revolution in 1688 were key events in English history because they resulted in
1. creating alliances with France
2. defeating Protestant nobles
3. limiting the power of the monarchy
4. annexing territory
The unification of Germany under Otto von Bismarck demonstrates the
1. influence of Marxist ideology
2. impact of nationalism
3. force of civil disobedience
4. power of democratic ideals
A similarity between the Sepoy Rebellion in India and the Boxer Rebellion in China is that both were
1. attempts to remove foreign influence
2. movements to establish communist governments
3. efforts to restore trade monopolies
4. struggles to westernize cultures
1. Allied forces were on the verge of winning the war.
2. Technology had created a military stalemate.
3. Revolution in Russia hastened the end of the war.
4. Conditions contributed to low troop morale.
The Nuremberg Trials are considered an important event in the 20th century because they
1. brought an end to genocide
2. condemned the use of nuclear weapons
3. ruled on provisions for the postwar occupation of Germany
4. established principles of responsibility for human rights violations
What was one social change Mao Zedong instituted in China after 1949?
1. granting legal equality for men and women
2. requiring arranged marriages
3. adopting the practice of foot binding
4. mandating Confucianism as the state philosophy
1. Long March
2. Great Leap Forward
3. Cultural Revolution
4. Tiananmen Square protests
Which statement about the United Nations is a fact rather than an opinion?
1. The United Nations has too many committees to be effective.
2. The United Nations would be more efficient if its headquarters moved to Europe.
3. The membership of the United Nations has increased since its formation.
4. The United Nations has successfully met most of its goals.
Which document is most closely associated with the Arab-Israeli conflict?
1. Balfour Declaration
2. Kyoto Protocol
3. Communist Manifesto
4. Treaty of Nanjing
1. has failed to take root
2. requires a strong military response
3. is extremely difficult to defeat
4. will be overcome through diplomacy
One way in which the actions of Alexander the Great, Saladin, and Shaka Zulu are similar is that each implemented
1. military strategies to defeat opponents
2. constitutions to define political powers
3. policies to increase religious persecution
4. legal changes to protect human rights
In the traditional Hindu caste system and in the social hierarchy of colonial Latin America, the status of a person was usually determined by
1. education
2. wealth
3. birth
4. power
1. Characteristics of the Inca Golden Age
2. Reasons for the Reconquista
3. Results of Lenin’s New Economic Plan
4. Features of the Marshall Plan
1. pogroms in Russia
2. fall of Constantinople
3. division of Sunnis and Shiites
4. tensions between Protestants and Catholics
1. Heian court
2. Tokugawa shogunate
3. Meiji Restoration
4. United States occupation
1. Hellenistic Golden Age
2. Early Middle Ages
3. European Renaissance
4. Scientific Revolution
1. establishment of uniform legal codes
2. emigration of people from their homelands
3. intervention of coalition military forces
4. acceptance of new political boundaries
1. a political scientist
2. a geographer
3. a sociologist
4. an archaeologist
1. sets of written legal principles that spell out the rights of citizens
2. stories that are tied to monotheistic religious beliefs
3. paintings that depict heroes and cultural values
4. works of literature that give historians information about early civilizations
1. Gupta Empire
2. Persian Empire
3. Greek city-states
4. Tang dynasty
The leadership of Genghis Khan, the use of the stirrup, and excellent horsemanship skills all contributed directly to the
1. collapse of Silk Road trade
2. defeat of Tokugawa Japan
3. beginning of European exploration
4. rise of the Mongol Empire
1. cause and effect
2. chronological order
3. reenactment
4. point of view
Which pair of ideas were central to the Scientific Revolution?
1. social stability and economic self-sufficiency
2. observation and experimentation
3. technology and military expansion
4. scarcity and interdependence
Which of these events related to the French Revolution occurred first?
1. Napoleon became emperor of France.
2. The Declaration of the Rights of Man was issued.
3. Louis XVI called the Estates General into session.
4. The Committee of Public Safety led the Reign of Terror.
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
1. Boer War
2. Russo-Japanese War
3. World War II
4. Cold War
1. nonalignment
2. détente
3. militarism
4. isolationism
1. The evils of the past are best ignored and forgotten.
2. Frequent and full discussion of the historical evidence of certain events is desirable.
3. All eras of history include individuals that reject existing values.
4. Every generation must apologize for the failures of earlier generations.
1. overpopulation
2. space exploration
3. nuclear proliferation
4. ethnic tension
1. Does technology control these leaders?
2. Are tax revenues being used?
3. What are the terms of these military alliances?
4. What settlement was negotiated?
A major goal of the Hutu-led regime in Rwanda in mid-1994 was to
1. eliminate the Tutsi minority
2. align with the Soviet Union
3. promote ethnic tolerance
4. strengthen ties with Belgium
The gathering at Amritsar (1919), the rallies in Soweto (1976), and the demonstrations in Tiananmen Square (1989) directly resulted in
1. rejection of Western ideas
2. promises of economic reform
3. movements toward democracy
4. violence against the protestors
1. Tokugawa shogunate
2. Meiji Restoration
3. reign of Emperor Hirohito
4. Japan’s economic miracle
1. “Breaking Through the Iron Curtain”
2. “Globalization Reaches the Wall”
3. “Separating East from West”
4. “A Road to Cultural Uniqueness”
Which historic figure is correctly paired with the empire he ruled?
1. Charlemagne — Spanish Empire
2. Peter the Great — Ottoman Empire
3. Justinian — Byzantine Empire
4. Sulieman the Magnificent — Russian Empire
Which condition characterized Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire and China after the fall of the Manchu dynasty?
1. weak centralized authority and interference from outsiders
2. renewed interest in artistic pursuits such as painting and sculpture
3. democratic rule and a coordinated economic policy
4. increased construction of roads, bridges, and other public works
Which action led most directly to divisions in Christianity in western Europe?
1. Pope Urban II calling for the Crusades
2. King John signing the Magna Carta
3. German cities establishing the Hanseatic League
4. Martin Luther posting the Ninety-five Theses
Advances in navigation technology and the desire of Europeans to obtain goods from Asia are most closely associated with the
1. rise of feudalism
2. Agricultural Revolution
3. Age of Exploration
4. Age of Reason
The Puritan Revolution and the Glorious Revolution are both closely associated with the
1. expansion of Papal authority in Rome
2. beginning of the Reconquista in Spain
3. calling of the Congress of Vienna
4. rise of parliamentary democracy in England
1. manorialism
2. communism
3. western capitalism
4. national socialism
Which event came first in Latin American history?
1. Panama regained control of the Panama Canal.
2. Simón Bolívar established Gran Colombia.
3. Fidel Castro became the communist leader of Cuba.
4. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was signed by Mexico, Canada, and the United States.
1. aid historical analysis
2. show the development of a point of view
3. explain ancient medical practices
4. predict future events
The Neolithic Revolution is often considered a turning point in history because
1. city dwellers learned to control fire
2. societies became more nomadic
3. nuclear families evolved into extended families
4. permanent settlements developed in river valleys
Filial piety and the five relationships are most often associated with
1. Hinduism
2. Daoism
3. animism
4. Confucianism
Which development is most closely associated with the beginning of the Byzantine Empire?
1. emergence of the Russian Orthodox Church
2. division of the Roman Empire
3. building of the Hagia Sophia
4. fall of Constantinople
1. Islamic
2. Gupta
3. Tang
4. Songhai
1. the Four Noble Truths
2. Chinese pagodas
3. Gothic architecture
4. Greek ideas
Which statement is an opinion rather than a fact?
1. Mansa Musa made a pilgrimage to Mecca.
2. Mali would have flourished without Mansa Musa’s influence.
3. Mali’s economy was based on the gold and salt trade.
4. Timbuktu became a center for Islamic learning.
By closing Japanese harbors to most foreigners in the 1600s, the Tokugawa shogunate attempted to
1. protect Japan from European influence
2. increase Japanese agricultural production
3. eliminate Japan’s influence on Southeast Asia
4. destroy traditional Japanese culture
One way in which the Aztec and Inca civilizations are similar is that they both
1. defeated the Spanish conquistadors
2. developed advanced architectural techniques
3. lacked strong central governments
4. settled primarily in river valleys
The slogan “Blood and Iron” and a united Germany are most closely associated with
1. Prince Metternich
2. Simón Bolívar
3. Camillo Cavour
4. Otto von Bismarck
One similarity between the Sepoy Rebellion in India and the Boxer Rebellion in China is that both were
1. religious reform movements
2. reactions to the opium trade
3. attempts to end foreign interference
4. successful revolts against absolute monarchs
Between 1923 and 1938, which leader instituted a modernization program in Turkey?
1. Shah Reza Pahlavi
2. Jawaharlal Nehru
3. Kemal Atatürk
4. Ho Chi Minh
One way in which the conquest of Manchuria by the Japanese (1931) and the annexation of Czechoslovakia by Germany (1939) are similar is that these actions
1. marked the end of the aggressive expansion of these nations
2. demonstrated the weakness of the League of Nations
3. reestablished the balance of power in the world
4. led to the Long March
Which function of the United Nations is based on the concept of collective security?
1. providing health services
2. coordinating global peacekeeping
3. monitoring educational programs
4. assisting in agricultural research
In the 1990s, which two countries dominated the headlines because genocide was occurring in those countries?
1. Switzerland and Poland
2. Vietnam and Singapore
3. Sudan and Rwanda
4. Costa Rica and Jamaica
Which leader’s policies included glasnost and perestroika?
1. Fidel Castro
2. Nikita Khrushchev
3. Mikhail Gorbachev
4. Deng Xiaoping
1. nonalignment
2. détente
3. containment
4. apartheid
1. world hunger
2. overpopulation
3. global warming
4. economic interdependence
One way in which knights, samurai, and warlords are similar is that they all
1. were traditional religious leaders
2. occupied military posts in the Chinese Empire
3. expelled the Moors from Spain
4. held positions of power in feudal systems
1. revised understandings of natural surroundings
2. questioning the benefits of the mercantile system
3. increased suspicion between different religions
4. development of new manufacturing techniques
One way in which King Louis XVI of France and Czar Nicholas II of Russia are similar is that both
1. were executed by revolutionaries
2. were known as great military leaders
3. advocated religious reform
4. supported the emancipation of serfs
Porfirio Diaz, Francisco “Pancho” Villa, and Emiliano Zapata are best known for their struggles in the
1. Haitian independence movement
2. Mexican Revolution
3. Nicaraguan War
4. Cuban Revolution
1. interpreting evidence
2. challenging customs
3. classifying artifacts
4. planning expeditions
Which statement about the Neolithic Revolution is an opinion rather than a fact?
1. Early peoples made greater cultural advancements than did people of later civilizations.
2. The Neolithic Revolution resulted in changes for nomadic peoples.
3. New technology was developed during the Neolithic Revolution.
4. Agricultural developments resulted in the establishment of permanent settlements.
The concept of zero, the expansion of the caste system, and the creation of the decimal system are most closely associated with the
1. Inca Empire
2. Tokugawa shogunate
3. Song dynasty
4. Gupta Empire
What was one ideal of Renaissance humanism?
1. training as a knight and practicing chivalry
2. obeying divine right monarchs and the church
3. living apart from the world and taking monastic vows
4. investigating areas of interest and fulfilling one’s potential
One way in which the Ming dynasty in the early 1400s and the Spanish monarchy in the late 1400s are similar is that both governments
1. promoted religious diversity
2. encouraged democratic reforms
3. emphasized equal rights for women
4. supported the expansion of overseas trade
1. The fewest people in the population had the greatest power.
2. Africans and Native Americans were politically powerful.
3. The peninsulares made up the majority of the population.
4. Mestizos and mulattoes controlled the most land in the colonies.
1. Reasons for Latin American Independence Movements
2. Impact of the Scientific Revolution
3. Causes of the Industrial Revolution
4. Results of Nationalism in Europe
Which event is considered the immediate cause of World War I?
1. signing of the Treaty of Versailles
2. invasion of Poland by Germany
3. assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand
4. use of unrestricted submarine warfare by Germany
During the Cold War, nations that adopted a policy of nonalignment believed they should
1. be exempt from United Nations decisions
2. restrict trade with neighboring countries
3. reject international environmental treaties
4. follow a course independent of the superpowers
A goal of modern-day religious fundamentalism is to
1. combine the religious teachings of Islam and Christianity
2. maintain traditional religious values in society
3. encourage the practice of other religions
4. adopt secular attitudes instead of religious beliefs
What have members of the European Union (EU) and countries of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) both attempted to do?
1. reduce regional trade barriers
2. monopolize iron and steel production
3. establish collective farms
4. seize control of the production and distribution of resources
Which leader is most closely associated with Desmond Tutu and F. W. de Klerk?
1. Jomo Kenyatta
2. Kwame Nkruhmah
3. Nelson Mandela
4. Jawaharlal Nehru
Since the end of the Cold War, what has been the primary cause of conflicts in Chechnya, Azerbaijan, and Bosnia?
1. religious and ethnic tensions
2. adoption of capitalism
3. poor health care and starvation
4. efforts at Russification
The Code of Hammurabi and the Twelve Tables of Rome are examples of
1. written laws
2. religious rules of conduct
3. economic sanctions
4. early constitutions
Which individual is correctly paired with an individual who further developed his ideas?
1. Pope Urban II → Martin Luther
2. Nicolaus Copernicus → Galileo Galilei
3. Hernando Cortez → Simón Bolívar
4. Louis XVI → Maximilien Robespierre
1. Goals of the Hanseatic League
2. Reasons for Europeans to Fight the Crusades
3. Results of the Reconquista
4. Aims of Charlemagne
1. Maoism
2. Daoism
3. legalism
4. Confucianism
The English Bill of Rights and the political philosophy of John Locke both support the idea of a
1. coalition government
2. fascist dictatorship
3. Marxist dictatorship
4. limited government
Which idea is correctly paired with a document that supports it?
1. colonialism — The Prince
2. militarism — Sadler Report
3. capitalism — Wealth of Nations
4. monotheism — The Communist Manifesto
One goal of the Congress of Vienna was to
1. establish a new balance of power in Europe
2. protect Europe from Ottoman advances
3. end abuses within the Catholic Church
4. redraw the boundaries of Africa
1. Otto von Bismarck
2. Mohandas Gandhi
3. Ho Chi Minh
4. Fidel Castro
Which conflict is most closely associated with events in Nanjing, Dunkirk, and Hiroshima?
1. Russian Revolution
2. Cultural Revolution
3. World War II
4. Korean War
1. political scientist
2. archaeologist
3. historian
4. sociologist
The rule of Shi Huangdi, legalism, and the tomb of terra cotta soldiers are most closely associated with the
1. Maurya Empire
2. Qin dynasty
3. Persian Empire
4. Hellenistic culture
Which religion includes the Four Noble Truths, the Eightfold Path, and nirvana?
1. Buddhism
2. Hinduism
3. Judaism
4. Christianity
The Russian Orthodox Church developed as a result of Russia’s cultural interactions with which group?
1. Byzantines
2. Muslims
3. Vikings
4. Huns
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
In The Prince, Machiavelli advises rulers to
1. seek the approval of the people
2. establish and maintain power
3. promote openness in government
4. learn and follow the commandments of the church
1. formulating a scientific theory from earlier experiments
2. developing a historical account from primary sources
3. comparing details of differing religions
4. explaining the importance of obeying laws
1. brief
2. interesting
3. verified
4. unbiased
What was a major effect of the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights on Great Britain?
1. The power of the monarch was limited.
2. Ireland revolted against the monarchy.
3. Parliament was abolished.
4. A renewed interest in Greek and Roman culture developed.
Which event is most closely associated with the French Revolution?
1. Council of Trent
2. Thirty Years’ War
3. Reign of Terror
4. Paris Peace Conference
A. Toussaint L’Ouverture declares Haiti independent.
B. Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen is written in France.
C. The thirteen colonies gain independence from Great Britain.
D. Simón Bolívar frees Colombia from Spanish rule.

What is the correct chronological order for these events?
1. A → B → D → C
2. C → B → A → D
3. A → D → C → B
4. D → C → B → A
A major goal of both the Sepoy Mutiny and the Boxer Rebellion was to
1. remove foreign influences
2. restore parliamentary government
3. improve access to civil service examinations
4. outlaw caste systems
The Amritsar Massacre and the Salt March are both associated with the independence movement in
1. Iraq
2. India
3. China
4. Kenya
1. self-determination
2. ethnic segregation
3. containment
4. appeasement
1. South Korea has more mineral resources than North Korea.
2. South Korea has flourished while North Korea is struggling to survive.
3. North Koreans have chosen to separate themselves from the South Koreans.
4. North Korea was devastated by the war with South Korea.
In the second half of the 20th century, what was one action taken by both Nelson Mandela and Desmond Tutu?
1. protesting against apartheid in South Africa
2. supporting the white government of Rhodesia
3. sending troops to liberate captives in Sudan
4. leading the independence movement in Ghana
Which characteristic is most closely associated with both Pol Pot’s government in Cambodia and Slobodan Milosevic’s government in Yugoslavia?
1. use of terror to achieve political goals
2. support for freedom of speech
3. establishment of a theocratic system
4. respect for ethnic minorities
Which historical period is associated with the concept of zero, the development of a handbook on medicine, and the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam?
1. European Renaissance
2. Golden Age of Islam
3. Songhai Empire
4. Age of Pericles
1. Enlightenment
2. Counter Reformation
3. Age of Exploration
4. Early Middle Ages
The inhumane policies of the Reconquista, pogroms, and the Holocaust were all results of
1. civil disobedience and passive resistance
2. acculturation and assimilation
3. war guilt and reparations
4. intolerance and prejudice
1. Path to World War I
2. Victories for Democracy
3. Cold War Confrontations
4. Terrorism in the 20th Century

World History

Studying oral histories, archaeological evidence, and cultural histories are methods most often used by

The terms Brahma, dharma, and moksha are most closely associated with which religion?

Carefully drawn calligraphy, Zen gardens, and the tea ceremony are examples of

During the 1500s, technological advances in navigation, naval engineering, and mapmaking contributed directly to the start of the

The revival of Greek and Roman culture, the economic growth of Italian city-states in the 1400s, and the development of humanism were aspects of the

A direct result of the conquest of Tenochtitlán by Hernán Cortés in 1521 was the

The spread of Islam into the kingdoms of Ghana and Mali resulted from

One similarity of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment is that both

Which 19th century ideology led to the unification of Germany and of Italy and to the eventual breakup of Austria-Hungary and of the Ottoman Empire?

The Meiji Restoration in Japan was prompted in part by

Growing nationalism and militarism in Europe and the creation of secret alliances were

The Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931 and Hitler’s rebuilding of the German military in 1935 demonstrate the

Which action illustrates the concept of genocide?

The Truman Doctrine, Korean War, crisis in Guatemala, and Soviet invasion of Afghanistan were all

Since the 1960s, famine in many parts of the world has been reduced by

Mahatma Gandhi and Jomo Kenyatta were similar in that both

Which quotation from the teachings of Confucius is most similar to the Golden Rule from Judeo-Christian teaching?

Ibn Battuta and Marco Polo were similar in that both

One way Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Henry VIII were similar is that they all were

Which list of French leaders is in the correct chronological order?

Which social class controlled most of the political, economic, and social power in colonial Latin America?

During World War II, which event occurred last?

After World War II, the Soviet Union maintained control of many Eastern European nations mainly because these nations were

One similarity in the actions of Ho Chi Minh and Jomo Kenyatta was that both leaders

Which statement about the spread of nuclear weapons is a fact rather than an opinion?

In which field of study do people learn about the development of early human beings?

Which document is an example of a primary source?

China under the Han dynasty and the Roman Empire were similar in that both grew wealthy because they

Judaism, Islam, and Christianity share a belief in

The Renaissance in western Europe is best described as a period marked by

After contact with Europeans in the 1500s, millions of native peoples in the Americas died as a result of

The writings of the 18th-century French philosophers Diderot, Rousseau, and Voltaire influenced the

Lenin’s promise of “Peace, Land, Bread” during the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 was made in an effort to

Since the late 1940s, Northern Ireland, India, and Israel have all faced which common problem?

One reason that Britain and France agreed to appease Hitler at the Munich Conference was to

The United Nations was created primarily to

Pol Pot, Joseph Stalin, and Slobodan Milosevic were similar in that each leader supported actions that

What is the primary reason that increasing numbers of Latin American citizens have immigrated to the United States over the last three decades?

The spread of Buddhist ideas and customs to China and Southeast Asia was the result of

Meiji reformers of Japan and Peter the Great of Russia were similar in that both emphasized

The Sepoy Mutiny in India and the Boxer Rebellion in China were responses to

Which statement is accurate about the Hungarian Revolution in 1956 and the Tiananmen Square demonstrations in 1989?

According to Buddhist principles, believers can end personal suffering by

Christianity, Islam, and Judaism are similar in that they all ask their followers to

Shintoism and animism share a belief in the importance of

The Age of Pericles in Athens, the Gupta Empire in India, and the Tang dynasty in China all experienced a golden age with

The wealth and power of Mali’s ruler, Mansa Musa, were significant because they contributed to the

An important effect of the Protestant Reformation in Europe was that it strengthened the

The astrolabe and improvements in cartography helped Europeans to

The theory of Social Darwinism was sometimes used to justify

Which event occurred first and led to the other three?

One similarity in the histories of Germany and Vietnam is that both nations

Which situation existed under the policy of apartheid in South Africa?

The global problems of pollution, acid rain, and the breakdown of the ozone layer indicate a need for

Which historical development showed the desire of a group to gain independence from a colonial power?

Which statement describes a similarity between the French Revolution and the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia?

Olympic games, the poems of Homer, and Hellenistic culture are associated with which ancient civilization?

Which action could be considered an effect of the Protestant Reformation?

The archaeological evidence found at the Mesoamerican sites of Tenochtitlan and Machu Picchu suggests that these societies

Which statement describes an impact that the Columbian Exchange had on the lives of Europeans?

One way in which the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment were similar is that they

During World War I, which group of people were victims of genocide?

The political climate of the Cold War caused the world’s two superpowers to

The political ideas of Ho Chi Minh, Fidel Castro, and Pol Pot were strongly influenced by the writings of

The main purpose of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the European Union (EU) is to

The late 20th-century conflicts in Rwanda, Yugoslavia, and India were similar in that each was caused by the

Which set of events is in the correct chronological order?

Which action taken by both Hitler and Napoleon is considered by historians to be a strategic military error?

Which belief is shared by Hindus and Buddhists?

Some historians suggest that as a result of the Mongol invasions of Russia, the Russian people were

Prior to the Protestant Reformation, the medieval church in western Europe was criticized for

The expeditions of Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro resulted in the

One reason Italy and Germany were not major colonial powers in the 16th and 17th centuries was that they

One result of the Opium War was that China

A major result of the Nuremberg trials after World War II was that

Which statement related to the recent history of Pakistan is an opinion?

Which set of historical periods in Europeanhistory is in the correct chronological order?A. Medieval EuropeB. Italian RenaissanceC. Golden Age of GreeceD. Enlightenment

Which belief is shared by an African who practices animism and a Japanese who practices Shinto?

Which headline would most likely have appeared in a pamphlet during the Industrial Revolution?

Which set of historical periods in European
history is in the correct chronological order?
A. Medieval Europe
B. Italian Renaissance
C. Golden Age of Greece
D. Enlightenment

**In the early 1500s, Martin Luther’s “Ninety-five Theses,” Henry VIII’s “Act of Supremacy,” and John Calvin’s Institutes of the Christian Religion contributed to**

**The religious terms Four Noble Truths, Eightfold Path, and nirvana are most closely associated with**

Revival of trade in western Europe, decline of feudalism, revival of interest in learning, and
cultural interaction with the Middle East are associated with the