U.S. History

What is the significance of Pinckney's Treaty (1795) with Spain?
1. It gave the U.S. the right to navigate the Mississippi River.
2. It gave the U.S. most-favored nation status.
3. It allowed Lewis and Clark to explore the Louisiana Territory.
4. It moved the Shawnee to the Indiana Territory.
Why did the U.S. Congress pass the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798?
1. to prevent immigrants from joining the Federalist Party
2. to prevent a war with England
3. to prevent government opposition
4. to prevent immigration from Mexico
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions were based on which principle?
1. the states' right to nullify acts of the federal government
2. the Supreme Court's right to nullify acts of Congress
3. Congress' right to nullify acts of the states
4. the president's right to nullify rulings of the Supreme Court
What right did most Caucasian women have in the U.S. during the Federalist period?
1. the right to serve on a jury
2. the right to inherit land
3. the right to vote for political officials
4. the right to seek public office
During Thomas Jefferson's presidency, which event challenged his strict constructionist philosophy?
1. the Judiciary Act of 1801
2. the Embargo Act of 1807
3. the Louisiana Purchase
4. the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798
What impact did the Battle of New Orleans have on the U.S. in 1815?
1. It weakened the strength of the U.S. military.
2. It resolved the issue of British impressment of U.S. ships.
3. It caused the U.S. to lose access to the Gulf port.
4. It boosted a sense of patriotism and unity among U.S. citizens.
Which idea did Tecumseh and his brother the Prophet support before 1820?
1. organization of Native Americans into a separate state
2. assimilation of Native Americans into U.S. society
3. unification of Native Americans in resistance to the U.S. government
4. relocation of Native Americans west of the Mississippi River
Why did many Mormons migrate to the western United States?
1. to pursue gold mining
2. to avoid the slavery conflict
3. to take advantage of cheap farmland
4. to escape religious persecution
Which part of the Compromise of 1850 received the greatest support from southern farmers?
1. the admission of California as a free state
2. the passage of a strict fugitive slave law
3. the end of the slave trade in Washington, D.C.
4. the allowance of popular sovereignty in new territories
The Emancipation Proclamation is seen as a diplomatic document. Why?
1. It made it hard for foreign countries to recognize and support the Confederacy.
2. It warned European countries to stay out of affairs in the Western Hemisphere.
3. It called on England and France to sell weapons to the Union army.
4. It encouraged France to sell the Louisiana Territory to the U.S.
Which action abolished slavery in the U.S.?
1. suspension of habeas corpus
2. passage of the 13th Amendment
3. passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1866
4. delivery of the Gettysburg Address
Which of these is the strongest evidence of the federal government showing its power over state governments during the Reconstruction period?
1. the creation of the sharecropping system
2. the migration of carpetbaggers into southern states
3. the military occupation of former Confederate states
4. the creation of the Freedmen's Bureau
Why did the House of Representatives impeach Andrew Johnson?
1. The president refused to follow Lincoln's Reconstruction plan.
2. The president violated the Tenure of Office Act.
3. Congress wanted to test the 15th Amendment.
4. The Supreme Court supported separation of powers.
withdrawal of federal troops
presidential cabinet positions
funding for transportation improvements

Which of the following is the best title for the list above?
1. Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan
2. Election of 1868
3. Radical Republicans' Reconstruction Plan
4. Democratic Benefits from the Compromise of 1877
What impact did the transcontinental railroad have on the economy of the West during the mid-1800s?
1. it decreased the need for government regulation
2. it increased the time needed to ship products to other regions
3. it decreased the use of eastern rail lines
4. Democratic Benefits from the Compromise of 1877
Which invention made western farming more efficient in the mid-1800s?
1. the Model T
2. the steel plow
3. the Bessemer process
4. the assembly line
Which major problem was more common for a farmer in the West than for a farmer living east of the Mississippi during the mid to late 1800s?
1. unemployment
2. deflation
3. high railroad rates
4. rising interest rates
Which issue led to the organization of the Populist Party?
1. the desire to lift the burden of debt from farmers and other workers
2. the collapse of the Second Bank of the United States
3. an increase in immigration
4. limited availability of land in the West for use by new farmers
Which factor contributed most to the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?
1. the lack of mining jobs
2. the economic war in Asia
3. the overcrowding of neighborhoods
4. the rise of nativism
Immigrant were more likely to settle in urban, industrial centers rather than rural, agricultural regions. Why?
1. Housing was plentiful.
2. Factories provided much-needed jobs.
3. Immigrants knew nothing of farming techniques.
4. It was easier to get to the urban areas.
What was the impact of westward expansion on Native Americans during the Jacksonian Era?
1. Most Native Americans were forced to move to Canada.
2. Most Native Americans were assimilated into U.S. society.
3. Most Native Americans were relocated to lands west of the Mississippi.
4. Most Native Americans were able to negotiate to keep their land.
Which statement best explains the increase in sectionalism between 1820 and 1850?
1. Westward expansion created a heated debate over the nation's policy concerning Native Americans.
2. Westward expansion caused a recurring debate over the expansion of slavery into the new territories.
3. Westward expansion during the period occurred faster across the northern plains than the southern river deltas.
4. Westward expansion created a need for government spending to improve transportation.
How did the transcendental movement influence U.S. society during the mid to late 1800s?
1. Transcendentalists emphasized the need to get material wealth.
2. Transcendentalists encouraged the spread of slavery.
3. Transcendentalists created neoclassical style architecture.
4. Transcendentalists wrote about the idea of self-reliance.
Which of these activities had the greatest economic impact on the southeastern U.S. between 1800 and 1860?
1. shipbuilding
2. coal mining
3. logging
4. cotton farming
Which section of the U.S. most oppposed a protective tariff in the 1830-1850 period?
1. West
2. Northeast
3. South
4. Northwest
What was the effect of the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
1. The concept of popular sovereignty led to armed conflict between slave owners and abolitionists.
2. Slaveholders gained the right to establish slavery in those territories.
3. The extension of slavery into the new territories was prohibited.
4. Residents of Kansas and Nebraska were prohibited from considering the issue of slavery until the territories became states.
Susan B. Anthony is best known for which area of reform?
1. labor
2. immigration
3. prohibition
4. suffrage
Which congressional act was passed to end the abuses of the spoils system?
1. Pendleton Act
2. Sherman Antitrust Act
3. Hepburn Act
4. Foraker Act
Which event contributed most to the demise of the Knights of Labor?
1. Great Chicago Fire
2. Haymarket Square Riot
3. Homestead Strike
4. Pullman Company Strike
Who best completes this list?
- Monopolists of the Late 1800s
1. J.P. Morgan
2. Alger Hiss
3. Robert LaFollette
4. Henry Ford
Which business strategy would a late-1800s industrial leader use to establish a monopoly?
1. form a joint stock company
2. use a horizontal integration system
3. make a contract with labor union leaders
4. develop a nationwide advertising campaign
Why did the U.S. act as an imperial power during the late 1800s?
1. a need to decrease its military experience
2. a desire to control oil-producing nations
3. a need for new markets for its manufactured goods
4. a desire for new gold mines
Which event is associated with the outbreak of war between the U.S. and Spain in 1898?
1. the sinking of the USS Maine
2. the Pancho Villa raids
3. the sinking of the Lusitania
4. the announcement of Mexican independence
In 1898, William Randolph Hearst reportedly sent a message to his photographer in Cuba that said, "You provide the photographs and I'll furnish the war." Which technique was Hearst using
1. muckraking
2. transcendentalism
3. censorship
4. yellow journalism
How did the action of the U.S. government in the late 1800s impact Hawaii?
1. U.S. intervention led to the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy.
2. U.S. intervention led to a war with Samoa over territorial control.
3. U.S. intervention led to increased control of the Hawaiian government by native Hawaiians.
4. U.S. intervention led to a trade dispute with France.
How did poll taxes limit the rights of citizens to liberty in the late 1800s?
1. The poll taxes kept women from voting and denied them a voice in the government.
2. The poll taxes prevented black males from voting and denied them a voice in the government.
3. Counties that did not charge a poll tax did not operate voting stations.
4. Poll taxes kept ex-convicts from voting.
How did the role of journalism change during the Progressive Era?
1. Journalism became the leader in the literacy movement.
2. Journalism helped the captains of industry sell their products.
3. Journalism opened the door for modern publishing companies.
4. Journalism uncovered scandals and evoked people's emotions.
Why did Theodore Roosevelt build the Great White Fleet?
1. to compete with the Russian navy
2. to help him win the Nobel Peace Prize
3. to protect U.S. trade interests in Japan
4. to establish the U.S. as a naval power
What justification did President Taft use to support his use of dollar diplomacy in Latin America and Asia?
1. to prevent the spread of communism
2. to promote U.S. commercial interests abroad
3. to create military alliances
4. to improve the world image of the U.S.
How did passing the Sherman Antitrust Act attempt to reform U.S. business practices in the late 1800s?
1. The legislation made business monopolies illegal, though enforcement of the law proved ineffective until later.
2. The act allowed the federal government the right to seize certain private businesses and place them under public control.
3. The act prevented U.S. businesses from establishing subsidiaries in foreign countries.
4. The legislation created a bimetallic standard based on gold and silver.
Which best completes this list?
- African American Responses to Jim Crow Laws During the Early 1900s
1. Grandfather Clauses
2. Sharecropping
3. Niagara Movement
4. Democratic Party
How did assembly line production affect the U.S. economy during the early 20th century?
1. It helped expand modern consumerism.
2. It decreased the disparity between the rich and the poor.
3. It increased the need for agricultural workers.
4. It developed a more self-sufficient citizen.
Which group benefited the most from reform legislation passed during the Progressive Era?
1. African Americans
2. factory workers
3. Native Americans
4. big business
Which event was a reason for the U.S.' entry into the First World War?
1. the attack on Pearl Harbor
2. the launch of the German battleshipBismarck
3. the sinking of the Lusitania
4. the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
How were the civil liberties of U.S. citizens threatened during World War I?
1. The U.S. government created the Dawes plan.
2. The U.S. government started a military draft.
3. The U.S. government restricted freedom of speech.
4. The U.S. government decided to join the League of Nations.
How did the U.S. help the Allies win World War I?
1. The U.S. entered into a secret agreement with the Central Powers.
2. The U.S. agreed to provide financial assistance to rebuild Germany.
3. The U.S. refused to fight an offensive war.
4. The U.S. provided strong, energized troops.
The Kellog-Briand Pact represented the desire of the U.S. and European nations to follow which policy?
1. self-determination
2. imperialism
3. militarism
4. isolationism
Which heading best completes this list?
- The Roaring Twenties
1. Prohibition
2. Music
3. Propoganda
4. Fundamentalists
During the 1920s, which leader of the Universal Negro Improvement Association advocated a return to Africa for African Americans?
1. Ida B. Wells
2. Marcus Garvey
3. David Walker
4. Booker T. Washington
What did the flapper image of the 1920s represent for U.S. women?
1. changing religious roles
2. a challenge to traditional roles
3. greater political influence
4. more educational opportunities
Which evidence showed that the prosperity of the 1920s was an illusion?
1. Prices on consumer goods decreased.
2. Overseas investments declined.
3. The income gap between workers and managers decreased.
4. Many people increased their debt.
Which factor contributed to the stock market crash of 1929?
1. overspeculation
2. government regulation of big business
3. decreased investment in business
4. increased agricultural prices
Which factor added to the hardships of midwestern farmers during the Great Depression?
1. the Dust Bowl
2. the end of Prohibition
3. the election of Franklin Roosevelt
4. the creation of the War Industries Board
Which economic policy did President Franklin D. Roosevelt use to respond to the Great Depression?
1. supply-side
2. laissez-faire
3. deficit spending
4. global interdependence
After the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that several New Deal programs were unconstitutional, how did President Franklin Roosevelt try to influence future decisions of the Court?
1. by asking important congressmen to start impeachment charges against several court justices
2. by appointing a new chief to the Supreme Court
3. by paying bribes to several justices
4. by trying to increase the number of Supreme Court justices
Which term best describes the diplomacy followed by some European nations in their relations with Germany, Italy, and Japan between 1931 and 1939?
1. appeasement
2. non-aggression
3. isolationism
4. containment
Which advertising campaign represents the expanding role of women in the workplace during World War II?
1. "Loose Lips Sink Ships"
2. "The Harvest is Plentiful"
3. "Rosie the Riveter"
4. "Sweetless, Meatless, Wheatless Days"
Why did President Truman decide to use the atomic bomb near the end of World War II?
1. The Japanese Empire had to be taken out of the war in order for the Allies to defeat Nazi Germany.
2. Truman wanted to save the lives of U.S. soldiers who would have to invade mainland Japan.
3. The decision was an attempt to show U.S. military strength to communist China.
4. Truman believed that the Allies could not defeat Japan otherwise.
Which development best reflects the economic prosperity of the U.S. after World War II?
1. the northern migration
2. the Civil Rights movement
3. the Beatnik movement of the 1950s
4. the growth of suburbia and consumerism
What international organization was created immediately after World War II to promote world peace and cooperation among nations?
1. the Atlantic Charter
2. the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (N.A.T.O.)
3. the United Nations (U.N.)
4. the League of Nations
Which U.S. initiative was designed to provide financial aid for war-torn European countries after World War II?
1. the Marshall Plan
2. the Geneva Accords
3. the NATO Alliance
4. the United Nations
Which policy did the U.S. government use to respond to the Cold War tensions of the 1950s?
1. isolationism
2. globalization
3. imperialism
4. containment
Which political trend characterized the era of McCarthyism?
1. the effort to end the welfare system and remove regulations on U.S. businesses
2. the willingness to provide political asylum to persecuted people worldwide
3. the effort to transform the U.S. into a society based on civil equality
4. the use of false accusation of communism as a weapon against political opponents
Which government agency was developed in response to Cold War confrontations?
1. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2. Immigration and Naturalization Service
3. Central Intelligence Agency
4. Department of Homeland Security
How did many U.S. families respond to the threat of nuclear war between the U.S. and the Soviet Union as the Cold War intensified?
1. They moved from U.S. cities to the Canadian wilderness.
2. They urged the U.S. president to improve relations with the Soviet Union.
3. They organized trips to Moscow to meet with Soviet Leaders.
4. They constructed bomb shelters in their backyards.
What was one purpose of President Kennedy's Alliance for Progress?
1. to create treaties with Latin America
2. to improve relations with Latin America
3. to promote free elections in Panama
4. to reduce nuclear arms in Panama
What precedent was established for U.S. presidents by the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution?
1. the ability to terminate war without congressional approval
2. the ability to engage in military activity without a congressional declaration of war
3. the ability to override international peace treaties
4. the ability to ignore United Nations deliberations
What strategy did both Martin Luther King, Jr. and César Chávez use to achieve social change?
1. organized labor unions
2. started riots
3. created militant demonstrations
4. led nonviolent boycotts
Which group represents the counterculture of the 1960s?
1. hippies
2. yuppies
3. beatniks
4. baby boomers
How did the war in Vietnam hinder President Lyndon B. Johnson's effort to create the Great Society?
1. Most of his top advisors resigned because of the escalation of U.S. forces in Southeast Asia.
2. The war in Vietnam prevented the passage of the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1965.
3. The war in Vietnam forced the U.S. to divert critical funds away from domestic issues.
4. The war in Vietnam destroyed President Johnson's election hopes in 1964.
Which statement best summarizes the decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren?
1. Supreme Court decisions were conservative and restricted the rights of criminals.
2. Supreme Court decisions defined rights for criminals and expanded rights for individuals.
3. Supreme Court decisions lessened the federal government's power to regulate the states.
4. Supreme Court decisions increased the power of the states.
What impact did Title IX have on educational institutions in the U.S.?
1. use of quotas for enrollment
2. creation of standardized testing goals
3. equal funding of men's and women's athletics
4. government-funded school vouchers
What event during the 1970s resulted in the U.S. increasing its regulation of nuclear power plants?
1. the signing of the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
2. North Korea's announcement that it had nuclear weapons
3. the incident at Three Mile Island
4. restrictions created by the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission
Which U.S. president regarded universal health care as a major issue for the federal government to resolve?
1. Jimmy Carter
2. Ronald Reagan
3. George H. W. Bush
4. Bill Clinton
The Watergate scandal is appropriately described by which statement?
1. It concerned the Nixon administration's attempt to cover up a burglary at the Democratic National Committee headquarters.
2. It involved the illegal establishment of government agencies to set and enforce campaign standards.
3. It involved the choice of the Reagan administration to secretly supply aid to the Contra rebels in Nicaragua.
4. It concerned the secret leasing of federally-owned oil rigs to western ranches
What was the main purpose for Operation Desert Storm?
1. to reduce the number of nuclear weapons in Iraq
2. to stop civil rights violations in Iraq
3. to reform the political system in Iraq
4. to drive Iraqi forces out of Kuwait
In which country did President Clinton use force in an attempt to bring an end to regional conflicts?
1. Cuba
2. Israel
3. Bosnia
4. China
How has a revival of nativism in the late 20th century affected recent immigration?
1. increased support for restricting immigration
2. increased advocacy for unrestricted immigration
3. increased support for higher-paying work opportunities for immigrants
4. increased advocacy for more incentives for businesses to hire non-documented immigrants
The Constitutional Convention of 1787 in Philadelphia occurred in which century?
1. 17th century
2. 18th century
3. 19th century
4. 20th century
Over the last 100 years, the U.S. has experienced significant improvements in transportation and technology. As a result, urban centers of today differ from those of the 1800s in that modern cities
1. are less likely to suffer from environmental pollution
2. can be located farther from supplies of food and fresh water
3. are more attractive to newly arrived immigrants
4. can be reliant on one primary product or service for income
1. Rhode Island
2. Vermont
3. Kentucky
4. Florida
1. the conflict over how much independence states should have in the federal system
2. the conflict over what level of representation small states should have in the federal legislature
3. the conflict over an amendment to the Constitution that would allow slavery in the territories
4. the conflict over whether or not to forcibly remove Native Americans from their lands in the West
1. The number of industrial opportunities in New England colonies decreased.
2. The number of industrial opportunities in southern colonies increased.
3. Slaves were emancipated throughout the middle colonies.
4. Plantation agriculture expanded in the southern colonies.
When Theodore Roosevelt said, "Speak softly and carry a big stick," he was trying to gain support for
1. imposing harsh laws to reduce crime
2. supporting woman suffrage to expand civil rights
3. building a powerful navy to aid U.S. diplomacy
4. using the national forests to stimulate building projects
1. Regional differences are peacefully resolved.
2. Congress changes earlier compromises to reduce tensions
3. Slavery spreads into western territories
4. The U.S. enters into the period of Reconstruction
Which of the following actions would have been supported by Northern manufacturers and opposed by Southern planters?
1. allowing slavery to expand into Missouri
2. imposing a tariff upon finished goods
3. making improvements to the port of New Orleans
4. making improvements to the cotton gin
1. IV, III, II, I
2. IV, I, II, III
3. II, IV, III, I
4. I, IV, III, II
1. President Jackson thought the U.S. government should not interfere on Native-American issues.
2. The chief executive and state governments disagreed significantly on Native-American issues.
3. The U.S. Supreme Court generally supported the executive branch on Native-American issues.
4. President Jackson supported the states over the Supreme Court on Native-American issues.
1. tribal leaders
2. formal treaties
3. rival clans
4. wooded areas
1. President Monroe's Monroe Doctrine
2. President McKinley's Open Door policy
3. President Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal
4. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's Four Freedoms
A Native American living in the Ohio River valley region would have which of the following views about the Proclamation of 1763 that forbade colonists from entering the region?
1. They would agree because they didn't want to see Europeans in the area.
2. They would be angry because they could not sell their land to the colonists.
3. They would ignore the law, since the English government could not regulate Native Americans.
4. They would agree, since the settlers wanted to start a war with the French.
Most anti-Federalists changed from opponents to supporters of the Constitution after they were promised
1. a bill of rights
2. term limits on the office of president
3. good relations with Native Americans
4. a bicameral legislature
The rush among European powers to establish colonies in the Americas can best be described as
1. an attempt to create regional cooperation and unity
2. an extension of military and economic rivalries
3. a desire to learn about other cultures
4. an effort to spead Christianity around the world
Demands for the calling of a Constitutional Convention in 1787 reflected the growing belief that the
1. small and large states should be political equals
2. rights of businesses were not being protected
3. national government needed to be strengthened
4. state governments had too little power
1. Truly patriotic citizens should vote in local elections.
2. Citizens should be wary of sectionalism in the U.S.
3. The future of the U.S. depends upon its economic strength.
4. A responsible citizen cannot accept at face value the views of any politician.
When southern states' representatives were contributing to drafting the Constitution, they tended to argue that
1. church and state should be separated
2. the slave trade should be abolished
3. slaves should be counted in the census
4. territories should be open to slave-holding
What was one way that the development of the colonies responded to the fact that Florida was a Spanish colony?
1. A colonial navy patrolled the coast of Georgia.
2. Georgia was founded as a base for the British army.
3. Georgia was a buffer zone between the British and Spanish.
4. The British attacked Florida and took possession of St. Augustine.
One result of the French and Indian War (1754-1763) was that dominance in North America was achieved by
1. Russia
2. Great Britain
3. France
4. Spain
1. Sir Isaac Newton
2. Thomas Hobbes
3. John Locke
4. David Hume
One major compromise at the Constitutional Convention settled the difference between large states and small states over the issue of
1. representation in Congress
2. taxation
3. territorial expansion
4. civil liberties
Attempts to escape religious persecution were key factors in the original settlement of which American colonies?
1. South Carolina and Georgia
2. Virginia and New York
3. Pennsylvania and Maryland
4. North Carolina and New Jersey
Which of the following Constitutional amendments most directly addresses the issue of limiting the authority of the federal government?
1. Amendment 7--Trial by Jury in Civil Cases
2. Amendment 10--Powers of the States and People
3. Amendment 14--Civil Rights
4. Amendment 21--Repeal of Prohibition
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 served to restrict
1. the right to bear arms and the right to a jury trial
2. the right of women to vote and to hold office
3. freedom of speech and freedom of the press
4. freedom from unreasonable search and seizure
1. Frederick Douglass
2. Robert E. Lee
3. John C. Calhoun
4. Stephen Douglas
The new Republican Party of the 1850s drew much of its northern base from
1. antislavery or "conscience" Whigs
2. immigrants from eastern cities
3. remnants of the Federalist Party
4. eastern land speculators
Which of the following was a belief held by John Brown (1800-1859)?
1. Individual states should decide whether to permit slavery.
2. Abolitionists should work for gradual change.
3. The South should work to diversify its economic base.
4. Slavery should be abolished by violent means, if necessary.
1. Old Spanish Trail
2. California Trail
3. Santa Fe Trail
4. Oregon Trail
How did the completion of the Erie Canal in 1825 impact New York City?
1. New York City ceased to be a major point of European immigration.
2. New York City became a major economical and financial center.
3. New York City lost financial and political influence to the city of Albany.
4. New York City gained control of western agricultural production.
The nullification confrontation of 1832-1833 between President Andrew Jackson and South Carolina Senator John C. Calhoun concerned
1. Jackson's attempts to abolish slavery in the South
2. Calhoun's claim that a state has the power to ignore federal laws
3. the constitutionality of the second Bank of the United States
4. whether slavery would be allowed in western territories
1. the Louisiana Purchase
2. gains from the Black Hawk War
3. the loss of British forts in the West
4. the annexation of Texas
When the U.S. government needed 10,000 rifles for the army, Eli Whitney applied for the contract. He took several guns, dismantle them, put the pieces in a box, and shook it. He then randomly selected the pieces he needed, assembled one rifle, and fired it. What did he demonstrate?
1. interchangeable parts
2. assembly line production
3. mass production techniques
4. the factory system
1. United States Territory
2. Spanish Colony
3. independent republic
4. part of Mexico
Which of these statements expresses an official U.S. government policy of the 1850s?
1. Alcohol consumption is dangerous and should be abolished.
2. Immigration should be unrestricted and universal.
3. Labor unions are immoral and should be prohibited.
4. The nation has a right and duty to expand to the Pacific Coast.
1. immigration quotas for foreign nations
2. passing high protective tariffs to control foreign imports
3. becoming allied with foreign powers
4. expanding westward into lands claimed by others
Which of the following best describes Abraham Lincoln's public position on slavery in 1860?
1. He opposed the expansion of slavery but not its existence.
2. He opposed both the expansion and the existences of slavery.
3. He supported popular sovereignty to decide the issue of slavery.
4. He believed slavery should be allowed to expand.
On May 10, 1869, in Promontory, Utah, the East and the West became connected by the completion of
1. a telegraph line reaching from New York to San Francisco
2. the Transcontinental Railroad
3. the Oregon Trail system
4. the stations that served the Pony Express
The core membership of the Populist Party in the 1890s consisted of
1. factory workers
2. farmers
3. immigrants
4. socialists
1. industrial output
2. naval power
3. numbers of soldiers
4. military leadership
By 1863, most military planners knew that the South could not continue to fight indefinitely because
1. increasing numbers of Southern citizens no longer supported the Confederate cause
2. the Southern industrial base was too weak to support the expense of waging war
3. large numbers of former slaves were joining the union army
4. the Southern leadership was too inexperienced to fight against Northern armies and navies
The American Federation of Labor (AFL), led by Samuel Gompers, proposed that the union should negotiate for all the workers. This idea was called
1. affiliated servicing
2. unified negotiating
3. collective bargaining
4. joint contracting
1. People wanted a chance to live their own lives in their separate communities without the interference of government.
2. People thought it was unnecessary to make such a ruling. If people did not like their situation, they must improve it themselves.
3. People believed there were some instances where segregation was not important. They believed they should be able to decided case by case.
4. People knew that the reality of the situation was based upon inequality. If institutions were separate, they could not be equal.
The Confederate defeat at Vicksburg was important because it
1. ended the last major Confederate invasion of the North
2. resulted in the Confederacy begin split in half along the Mississippi River
3. caused Jefferson Davis to resign as president of the Confederacy
4. forced Robert E. Lee to leave Virginia and take command in the West
Why was the 14th Amendment not successfully implemented in Southern states during the Reconstruction Era?
1. Southern states refused to acknowledge the amendment because of its provisions.
2. Most Southern legislatures had been disbanded by the U.S. military.
3. A majority of Southern states elected to remain outside the Union following the war.
4. Southern states were allowed to make their own decisions about segregation legislation.
1. civil liberties
2. national unity
3. racial equality
4. religious freedom
Which word best describes the agricultural system used during Reconstruction that allowed white landowners to benefit from the labor of former slaves without paying wages?
1. freehold
2. indenture
3. plantation
4. sharecropping
Which of the following contributed most to the forced removal of Native Americans from the Great Plains from 1867 to 1890?
1. the desire to establish military posts
2. the building of new canals
3. the westward shift of the frontier
4. the desire for more land to grow cotton
In the late 1800s, railroads were charging high prices to ship and store agricultural produce. When other political efforts failed to reduce freight charges, farmers began to demand that the U.S. government produce more silver money. Why did the farmers want the minting of more silver money?
1. They anticipated monetary deflation, which would make money more valuable.
2. They hoped to ruin the railroad barons, who they felt were greedy and unfair toward farmers.
3. They expected monetary inflation, which would give them better prices for their crops.
4. They wanted to create political problems for other sectors of the economy.
What was one effect of the Wagner Act (1935)?
1. The number of factory workers declined dramatically between 1935 and 1945.
2. Employers were prohibited from interfering in workers' efforts to unionize.
3. Laborers shifted their support from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party.
4. Laborers in companies with more than 50 employees were prohibited from striking.
The U.S. gained control of the land it needed to build the Panama Canal by
1. negotiating an agreement with Colombia
2. invading Colombia and taking the land
3. implementing the Open Door Policy
4. encouraging and supporting Panamanian independence
Charles A. Lindbergh piloted The Spirit of St. Louis from New York to Paris in the first successful solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean. What was the greatest immediate impact of Lindbergh's accomplishment?
1. It made air travel safe and inexpensive.
2. It helped to improve diplomatic relations with France.
3. It sparked public interest and boosted the aviation industry.
4. It encouraged American travel abroad and an appreciation for European culture.
In the 1920s, the Ku Klux Klan and nativist movements such as the Immigration Restriction League shared the belief that
1. the U.S. must adopt a socialist form of government
2. the U.S. should conquer more overseas territories
3. white Americans should establish a separate republic
4. white Americans were racially superior to other groups
1. adopted a policy of unilateral diarmament
2. established an unpaid militia after the Spanish-Ameriican War
3. maintained a very small peacetime military
4. posted most of its military as advisors in Europe
What was one result of the work of the Tennessee Valley Authority in the 1930s?
1. restoration of a natural environment
2. construction of nuclear power plants
3. generation of affordable electricity for rural areas
4. improvement in systems of communication
Which statement is most true about many African Americans during World War I?
1. They protested discrimination in the U.S. Army.
2. They left the rural South for jobs in the North
3. They purchased large numbers of farms in the midwest.
4. They left the U.S. for Liberia and Sierra Leone.
By the early 1900s, U.S. government interest in developing an economic relationship with the Chinese empire was part of an overall plan to
1. become an imperialist power
2. spread democracy throughout Asia
3. establish a regional peacekeeping effort
4. limit the levels of Asian immigration
1. Adolph Hitler's rise to power in Germany
2. Japanese expansion in the Pacific
3. the Great Depression
4. Prohibition
What was the effect in the U.S. of the sinking of the ship Lusitania by a German submarine in 1915?
1. It led to an immediate U.S. declaration of war against Germany.
2. It aroused public anger against Germany and led President Wilson to demand that Germany respect the rights of travelers from neutral countries.
3. It led President Wilson to prohibit Americans from traveling on ships of countries involved in the war.
4. It led President Wilson to sign a lend-lease plan to provide Great Britain with military supplies.
President Theodore Roosevelt stated that people deserved a "Square Deal" from their government. What did he mean by that?
1. Business groups should be allowed to function unregulated by government.
2. Government regulators should determine fair profit margins.
3. Business groups should be restricted from unfair business practices by government.
4. Government regulators should determine wages for workers or commodity prices for consumers.
1. Progressivism
2. Social Darwinism
3. communism
4. anarchism
Which of the following helps to explain the reason for American expansionism in the mid-1800s and early 1900s?
1. The U.S. sought new markets for agricultural and industrial products.
2. The U.S. wanted to establish colonies in Asia, Africa, and Australia.
3. U.S. foreign policy rejected the theory of "Social Darwinism"
4. The U.S. military wanted to establish overseas bases and recruit from those locations.
The development of suburban areas in the U.S. during the 1950s can be attributed mostly to
1. decreasing cost of building materials
2. increasing supply of skilled labor
3. decreasing development of rural areas
4. increasing development of the national highway system
The purpose of the Nuremberg war crimes trials after World War II was to
1. punish German leaders for crimes against humanity
2. raise money to repair wartime destruction
3. stop secret cooperation between Nazis and Communists
4. prevent another world war in twenty years.
During the 1990s, the economies of Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. became more integrated when all three nations agreed to
1. lower trade barriers
2. create a common currency
3. pool their tax revenues
4. standardize wages and prices
Why did President Kennedy approve the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles supported by the Central Intelligence Agency in 1961?
1. Castro had formed an anti-U.S. alliance with Venezuela and Nicaragua.
2. Castro had developed close economic and political ties to the Soviet Union.
3. Castro had cut off all Cuban trade with the U.S.
4. Castro had released political prisoners into the U.S., many of whom were criminals.
Which of these most accurately describes a result of Lyndon Johnson's "Great Society" programs?
1. Federal anti-poverty programs were enacted for the first time in history.
2. Less tax money was spent on social programs.
3. Federal spending was increased for education, housing, and health care.
4. The federal government gave up many state and local government functions.
1. Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
2. Germany's invasion of Poland
3. Germany's attack on Great Britain
4. Italy's invasion of Ethiopia
U.S. involvement in the Korean War was part of its policy of
1. containment
2. isolationism
3. Big Stick diplomacy
4. mutual assured destruction
All of the following are examples of nonviolent demonstration against racial segregation in the U.S. in the 1960s except
1. freedom riders
2. Montgomery bus boycott
3. lunch counter sit-ins
4. the integration of "Ole Miss"
What action did Dwight Eisenhower take when Governor Orval Faubus refused to allow African-American students to attend Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas?
1. He sent the U.S. Army to Little Rock to enforce the law.
2. He moved the African-American students to Memphis, Tennessee.
3. He led a regional meeting of governors to find a solution to the problem.
4. He forced Orval Faubus to resign as governor of Arkansas.
What was one major result of the "space race" that occurred during the 1950s and 1960s?
1. successful landing of Soviet astronauts on the Moon
2. improvement of satellite telecommunications
3. development of nuclear weapons in space
4. creation of a model for international cooperation
Which of the following events is a direct cause of the involvement of the U.S. in the Persian Gulf War?
1. Iran threatened to launch missiles toward Israel, an ally of the U.S.
2. Iraq invaded Kuwait, an ally of the U.S.
3. Saudi Arabia and Iraq threatened to cut off oil to the U.S.
4. Syria and Iraq invaded Iran, a member of the United Nations
Which of the following leaders during the Civil Rights era beginining in 1947 is best known for advocating non-violent demonstrations?
1. Martin Luther King, Jr.
2. W. E. B. Du Bois
3. Malcolm X
4. Booker T. Washington
What effect did the Enlightenment have on political thought in the colonies?
1. Colonial leaders began extending voting rights to all citizens.
2. The First Continental Congress determined a need for a federal bill of rights.
3. Colonial leaders began advocating the adoption of a state-supported church.
4. Colonists began to question the authority of the British monarchy.
The Declaration of Independence elaborates on the Enlightenment idea of
1. natural rights.
2. collective ownership.
3. religious freedom.
4. political equality.
1. The Missouri Compromise
2. The Great Compromise
3. The Federalist papers
4. The Articles of Confederation
1. John Locke.
2. Montesquieu.
3. Voltaire.
4. Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
Key decisions of the Supreme Court under the leadership of John Marshall solidified the power of the Supreme Court to
1. try cases between states.
2. accept appeals from lower federal courts.
3. try cases involving foreign diplomats.
4. review the constitutionality of state and federal laws.
The acquisition of an American overseas empire during the late 1890s created legal controversies concerning the
1. power of the government to make and ratify peace treaties.
2. role of the President as Commander in Chief.
3. Constitutional rights of the inhabitants of the new American territories.
4. rights of American businesses to operate in the territories.
1. disfranchisement of most African Americans in the South.
2. movement to repeal the 14th Amendment to the Constitution.
3. strengthening of the Republican Party in the South.
4. expansion of free public education to all children.
1. area A
2. area B
3. area C
4. area D
The railroad building boom during the 19th century contributed to
1. increasing agricultural production in the Northeast.
2. the establishment of trade relations with Mexico.
3. dramatic population decreases in Southern cities.
4. the rapid industrialization of the U.S.
The First Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s was primarily a
1. movement to increase colonial loyalty to the British monarchy.
2. revival of evangelical religion that spread through the colonies.
3. process of assimilating immigrants into colonial American culture.
4. period of economic prosperity brought about by colonial trade.
What would be considered a significant social effect of the First Great Awakening?
1. The number of women assuming a leadership role in religious institutions increased.
2. The number of Protestant religious denominations in the colonies declined.
3. The colonies experienced an increase in the number of Catholic immigrants.
4. The colonists began to challenge the hierarchical structure of existing religious denominations.
Lord Baltimore established the Maryland colony in response to
1. Spanish attempts to seize lands along the Chesapeake Bay.
2. the overcrowding of England's large industrial centers.
3. the growing demand for cotton in English textile mills.
4. discrimination against Roman Catholics in England.
The primary religious issue of the 1960 presidential election in the U.S. was
1. the Catholic faith of John F. Kennedy.
2. Richard Nixon's upbringing as a Quaker.
3. the teaching of creationism in public schools.
4. the Mormonism of George Romney.
Growing anti-Catholic sentiment in the U.S. during the first half of the 20th century was related to
1. increasing immigration from southern and eastern Europe.
2. interference by the Catholic Church in U.S. foreign policy.
3. the reduction in the number of Catholic social programs.
4. the church's refusal to ordain women to the priesthood.
Which religious group has had the greatest increase in membership due to the increasing immigration from Latin American countries to the U.S. over the last 50 years?
1. Catholics
2. Muslims
3. Jews
4. Protestants
The 1st Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, prohibiting the federal government from making any law "respecting an establishment of religion," was one response to the
1. attempts by Maryland to make Catholicism the official state religion.
2. increasing number of Puritans arriving in the country.
3. religious persecution exhibited by the Church of England.
4. antireligious sentiments expressed during the Great Awakening.
Which of the following was an effect of the publication of Upton Sinclair's The Jungle (1906)?
1. It aided the growth of federal social services.
2. It contributed to the development of settlement houses.
3. It influenced the passage of the Meat Inspection Act.
4. It led to the development of child labor laws.
The Americanization movement of the early 20th century sought to
1. assimilate ethnic immigrant groups into the dominant culture.
2. restrict the military involvement of the U.S. in foreign conflicts.
3. protect domestic businesses from foreign competition.
4. diminish the role of government in the regulation of industry.
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, urban immigrants generally supported local political machines that
1. discouraged the new immigrants from participating in civic affairs.
2. were usually supported by urban reformers.
3. provided essential services to the immigrants.
4. reminded immigrants of political practices in their homelands.
The muckraking journalists associated with the Progressive era were known primarily for their
1. willingness to expose the corruption of U.S. society.
2. articles supporting the economic benefits of laissez-faire economics.
3. use of the media to advocate the passage of the Equal RIghts Amendment.
4. support for the formation of U.S. military alliances with European countries.
Ford's production of Model Ts in the early 20th century demonstrated the economic relationship between specialization and
1. reduced labor demand.
2. greater efficiencies in production.
3. higher production costs.
4. decreased union organization.
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the U.S. government attempted to facilitate the growth of domestic industry by
1. placing high tariff barriers on foreign imports.
2. encouraging the growth of labor unions.
3. repealing the Sherman Antitrust Act.
4. providing subsidies to small businesses.
How did the growth of U.S. manufacturing affect the country's international relations during the late 19th century?
1. Increasing industrial production led to support for an isolationist foreign policy.
2. Increasing demand for natural resources led to the U.S. acquisition of African colonies.
3. Increasing demand for markets contributed to support for an Open Door policy in China.
4. Increasing need for trading partners encouraged the U.S. to lower tariff rates.
The followers of the Social Gospel movement believed that organized religion must place greater emphasis on
1. reconstructing American society.
2. raising funds.
3. supporting the Populist Party.
4. stopping immigration to the U.S.
Members of the Populist Party supported public ownership of railroads because they thought it would
1. help small farmers.
2. reduce immigration.
3. decrease income taxes.
4. change monetary policy.
During President Theodore Roosevelt's administration, Congress gave the Interstate Commerce Commission the power to
1. enforce legislation regulating railroad rates.
2. construct a national canal system.
3. impose lower import tariffs on foreign goods.
4. mint a national currency.
In 1900 the U.S. declared an Open Door Policy that reflected which of the following beliefs?
1. The Chinese were secretly negotiating trade privileges with European countries.
2. Japan might conquer China and cut off all foreign trade.
3. All countries should have equal trading rights in China.
4. American consumers would be hurt by international trade.
The U.S. supported a revolution in Panama at the turn of the 20th century in order to
1. stop human rights abuses in Latin American countries.
2. prevent the spread of communism in Latin America.
3. secure the right to build a canal through Central America.
4. end European colonialism in Central America.
What did the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine state?
1. The U.S. would permanently station troops in the Philippines and other Pacific islands.
2. The U.S. reserved the right to intervene in the affairs of Central America and the Caribbean.
3. The U.S. had the right and duty to expand its colonial possessions in Asia.
4. The U.S. would provide military aid to Europe to resist communism.
Which of the following is the most accurate example of President Taft's policy of "dollar diplomacy"?
1. allowing for the nationalization of Latin American property owned by U.S. citizens
2. exerting economic influence rather than military force in Latin American countries
3. using international trade organizations to stabilize Latin American economies
4. maintaining a military force to discourage European colonization in Latin America
1. 14th Amendment permitted suspending the Bill of Rights in wartime.
2. nation's war effort would be threatened if dissenters were allowed free speech.
3. public should be shielded from hearing about the reality of the war.
4. other countries at war had already curtailed civil liberties.
The "Red Scare" in the U.S. immediately following World War I was a reaction to
1. President Wilson's attempts to include the U.S. in the League of Nations.
2. the perceived growth of organized crime in major urban areas.
3. a perceived threat of a communist revolution in the U.S.
4. a rise in the number of immigrants from Germany.
1. The U.S. Senate approves a military alliance with Great Britain.
2. The U.S. Senate refuses to ratify the Treaty of Versailles.
3. The U.S. Senate fails to pass the Selective Service Act.
4. The U.S. Senate authorizes the use of troops in Europe.
Marcus Garvey's program in the 1920s emphasized
1. vocational training.
2. a back-to-Africa movement.
3. integration into mainstream society.
4. separate-but-equal doctrines.
What organization was formed in the 1920s to ensure that the individual rights of citizens were protected from government abuse?
1. House Un-American Activities Committee
2. American Civil Liberties Union
3. American Liberty League
4. United Services Organization
Marcus Garvey's "Back to Africa" movement and the creation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) were both early-20th-century responses to
1. the passage of more restrictive immigration laws.
2. the growth of communism in the South.
3. the practice of racial discrimination in the U.S.
4. the desegregation of World War I combat units.
Why did the number of votes cast in the U.S. Presidential election rise by 8.2 million from 1916 to 1920?
1. The 19th Amendment gave millions of women the right to vote.
2. The people were excited about voting on the issue of Prohibition.
3. Demobilization of the military released millions of men for voting.
4. Warren G. Harding's call for "normalcy" energized the voters.
Zora Neale Hurston and Langston Hughes had which of the following in common?
1. They were leaders involved with the 1960s civil rights movement.
2. They were initial members of President Franklin Roosevelt's Black Cabinet.
3. They were writers associated with the Harlem Renaissance.
4. They were outspoken opponents to U.S. involvement in Vietnam.
The primary objective of Harlem Renaissance writers was to
1. encourage militant protest among African Americans.
2. support educational programs for African Americans.
3. improve literacy rates among African Americans.
4. generate pride in African-American culture.
Which of these was an outgrowth of mass production techniques used during the 1920s?
1. an increase in the advertising industry
2. a decrease in the need for female workers
3. an increase in environmental protection laws
4. a decrease in demand for unionization
Why did industrialists oppose the increased coinage of silver during the 19th century?
1. It would have led to greater political power for southern states.
2. It would have caused economic inflation.
3. It would have made it more difficult to secure business loans.
4. It would have limited the amount of money in circulation.
One of the key goals of the 1913 Federal Reserve Act was to
1. place a banking system under the direct control of Congress.
2. decentralize the banking industry in order to allow for local control of money.
3. protect the banking industry by removing the country from the gold standard.
4. create a banking system that could regulate the amount of money in circulation.
Early in the Depression, the Hoover Administration established the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to
1. make direct grants to unemployed workers.
2. loan money to banks, insurance companies, and other depressed businesses.
3. purchase American manufactured goods for export to foreign markets.
4. guarantee a minimum income to all of the nation's farmers.
Which event most contributed to the establishment of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)?
1. the Panic of 1893
2. the formation of the Standard Oil Trust
3. the Teapot Dome Scandal
4. the 1929 crash of the stock market
Franklin Roosevelt's immediate response to the banking crisis after becoming president was to
1. declare a bank holiday that closed banks in the U.S. for several days.
2. nationalize the banks to ensure they were following federal regulations.
3. establish the Federal Reserve to reduce the possibility of another bank emergency.
4. borrow money from foreign banks to support the U.S. banking industry.
To many Californians, the arrival of the Dust Bowl refugees of the mid-1930s represented
1. a welcome addition to the labor force.
2. a source of much-needed capital investment.
3. new markets for Callifornia businesses.
4. unwanted additions to the ranks of the unemployed.
The large-scale movement of Great Plains residents to California during the Great Depression resulted in
1. an increase in wages for California laborers.
2. a decrease in the number of California residents seeking relief.
3. a significant decrease in the number of industrial workers in California.
4. a greater demand on available relief funds in California.
Social Security was a New Deal program designed to
1. foster the growth of trade unions.
2. promote recovery through economic development.
3. give direct aid to American businesses.
4. provide a minimum retirement income.
Many business groups opposed the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) in the 1930s on the grounds that it
1. unfairly competed with private power companies.
2. charged too much for the electricity it sold.
3. did not treat its electric customers equally.
4. generated electricity with obsolete methods and equipment.
What New Deal program employed large numbers of artists and writers during the Great Depression?
1. National Recovery Administration (NRA)
2. Agriculture Adjustment Administration (AAA)
3. Works Progress Administration (WPA)
4. National Youth Administration (NYA)
One reason the United Farm Workers had difficulty gaining national recognition for their union was that
1. there were relatively few agricultural workers in California.
2. most agricultural workers were already members of other labor organizations.
3. there was no prior federal protection of agricultural workers.
4. wages for agricultural workers in California were already high.
1. a police attack on strikers in Detroit
2. the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor
3. an explosion in a West Virginia coal mine
4. the collapse of the New York Stock Exchange
Japanese attempts to create an empire prior to World War II were in conflict with the U.S. goal of
1. maintaining an open trade policy in Asia.
2. gaining a sphere of influence in Asia.
3. establishing a military presence in China.
4. creating a military alliance with China.
During World War II, what was the primary duty of the Navajo Code Talkers?
1. interpreting confiscated German battle plans
2. transmitting secret messages to U.S. forces during combat
3. translating confidential Japanese communications
4. informing the press about the number of Allied war casualties
In comparison to the earlier conferences at Casablanca and Teheran, the meetings at Yalta and Potsdam were more focused upon
1. postwar issues.
2. military supply issues.
3. long-term military planning.
4. technological developments.
Many Americans opposed the 1941 Lend-Lease Act because they feared it would
1. draw the U.S. into the war in Europe.
2. cause the country to fall into an economic recession.
3. be declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
4. place the U.S. in violation of the Versailles Treaty.
The U.S. Congress passed a series of neutrality acts beginning in August 1935 in response to
1. British requests to blockade German ports.
2. American antiwar sentiment.
3. the German invasion of Poland.
4. the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor.
In 1944, the Supreme Court upheld the internment of Japanese Americans residing on the West Coast by ruling that the actions were
1. part of an international agreement with U.S. allies.
2. approved by both houses of Congress.
3. allowed under the 14th Amendment.
4. necessary for national security.
Partly because Japanese Americans living on the West Coast during World War II were considered security risks, they were
1. forced to give up their U.S. citizenship.
2. barred from military service throughout the war.
3. moved from their homes to internment camps.
4. prohibited by law from seeking employment with the federal government.
The purpose of the Manhattan Project was to
1. provide economic aid to Latin American countries.
2. develop atomic weapons for the U.S. military.
3. bring about an end to poverty in U.S. urban areas.
4. offer assistance to relocated European refugees.
The purpose of the 1947 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was to
1. use tariffs to restrict international trade with communist countries.
2. raise money through tariffs to rebuild Europe after World War II.
3. encourage countries to repay war debts by increasing tariffs.
4. expand international trade by mutual reduction of tariffs.
The United Nations statement of principles was based on the belief that
1. the development of nuclear weapons must be closely monitored.
2. Germany must be punished by being forced to pay war reparations.
3. an international peacekeeping organization could settle disputes without warfare.
4. a strong military alliance was needed to prevent the emergence of new fascist dictators.
Since its establishment in 1945, the United Nations has
1. prevented border wars around the world.
2. provided a forum for international negotiations.
3. eliminated hunger and starvation worldwide.
4. replaced national armies with an international armed force.
President Eisenhower supported the establishment of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) as an attempt to
1. assist nationalist movements in Asian countries.
2. counter British attempts to establish colonies in Asia.
3. restrict communist aggression in Asian countries.
4. initiate programs for the protection of human rights in Asia.
Which of these was a cause of the Korean War?
1. NATO air and naval forces blocked ships sailing to North Korea.
2. North Korean forces, with Soviet approval, invaded South Korea.
3. United Nations inattention allowed guerrillas to infi ltrate South Korea.
4. Widespread anti-colonial riots forced the Korean government to begin the war.
Which of these was a formal statement of intention of the United States to aid any country threatened by communist aggression?
1. Truman Doctrine
2. Marshall Plan
3. Alliance for Progress
4. Vietnamization
Which of these events was the closest the United States and the Soviet Union actually came to fi ghting each other during the Cold War?
1. Suez Crisis, 1956
2. Bay of Pigs, 1961
3. Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962
4. Gulf of Tonkin, 1964
The Truman Doctrine was a pledge on the part of the United States to help Greece and Turkey
1. avoid engaging in a war over oil reserves.
2. recover land they had lost during World War II.
3. resist the spread of communism in the region.
4. prosecute captured military leaders for war crimes.
Which action by President Harry Truman would be an example of his post–World War II containment policy?
1. He demanded human rights guarantees from Latin American allies.
2. He helped the Greek and Turkish governments resist communist rebels.
3. He negotiated with the U.S.S.R. to eliminate long-range nuclear weapons.
4. He provided economic recovery aid to China and Japan.
Which of the following best describes President Lyndon B. Johnson’s action toward Vietnam during the 1960s?
1. He threatened to use nuclear weapons to end the Vietnam War.
2. He initiated the complete democratization of North Vietnam.
3. He escalated U.S. military involvement in South Vietnam.
4. He refused to participate in a French-led occupation of Vietnam.
1. the increasing use of technology
2. the issuance of an isolationist trade policy
3. the establishment of a restrictive immigration policy
4. the initiation of extensive farm subsidy programs
The federal government initiated the bracero program during World War II in an effort to
1. restore the agricultural industry in the Plains states.
2. provide fi nancial support for irrigation projects.
3. address the urgent need for agricultural laborers.
4. increase the revenue of crop producers.
During the second half of the twentieth century, the largest source of labor in California agriculture was
1. unemployed Midwestern industrial workers.
2. relocated Southern sharecroppers.
3. displaced workers from the Plains states.
4. immigrants from Mexico.
One reason labor union leaders opposed the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act in 1947 was that the act
1. placed a limit on wage rates.
2. favored big business interests over union interests.
3. forced the consolidation of the AFL and CIO unions.
4. placed too much bargaining control in the hands of Congress.
A wave of U.S. industrial strikes at the end of World War II contributed to President Harry Truman’s attempts to
1. increase the collective bargaining power of labor union leaders during wartime.
2. place strict limits on striking labor unions when national interests were at stake.
3. register the names of striking union workers with a federal review board.
4. activate National Guard units in order to force labor unions back to work.
Changes in the balance of power among the three branches of the Federal government during the 20th century have resulted from the
1. passage of Constitutional Amendments on voting.
2. expansion of executive power during periods of crisis.
3. loss of the Supreme Court’s power to review Congressional actions.
4. revival of the authority of the states.
1. It limited the powers of Congress during time of war.
2. It limited the power of the President to use U.S. troops overseas.
3. It authorized the President to send troops into battle.
4. It granted the President the authority to declare war.
1. region A
2. region B
3. region C
4. region D
A major accomplishment of medical science since the end of World War II has been the virtual worldwide elimination of death caused by
1. malaria.
2. smallpox.
3. cholera.
4. tuberculosis.
What new technology greatly expanded the audience for professional sports in the years immediately following World War II?
1. electric lighting
2. radio broadcasting
3. satellite
4. television
The outstanding record of African Americans who served in the military forces during World War II was one reason President Truman decided in 1948 to
1. begin drafting African Americans into the armed forces.
2. order an end to racial segregation in the military.
3. create special African-American combat units.
4. continue the Tuskegee Airmen program.
What effect did the African-American civil rights movement have on other minority groups in the United States?
1. It brought about anti-discrimination legislation that applied to other groups.
2. The backlash caused other minority groups to limit the use of civil disobedience.
3. It convinced other groups to create one unifi ed civil rights movement.
4. It convinced other groups to minimize the use of protests as a way to end discrimination.
The Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
1. permitted affi rmative action in admission to colleges.
2. ended Bible reading and prayer in public schools.
3. outlawed racial segregation in public schools.
4. authorized schools to censor student newspapers.
In 1957, President Eisenhower used federal troops in Little Rock, Arkansas, to
1. eliminate racial discrimination in housing.
2. allow African Americans to vote in local elections.
3. integrate the public schools.
4. admit African Americans to graduate programs.
The successful formation of the United Farm Workers indicated that the ideals of the civil rights movement had infl uenced the actions of
1. Native Americans.
2. Hispanic Americans.
3. Korean Americans.
4. Chinese Americans.
The immigration policies in place since the 1960s have
1. reinforced the population patterns refl ected in the laws of the 1920s.
2. greatly increased ethnic diversity in American society.
3. encouraged immigration from Western European countries.
4. discouraged immigration from Asian countries.
The passage of the Immigration Act of 1965 resulted in
1. the deportation of large numbers of political refugees.
2. an increase in the number of Eastern European immigrants.
3. the elimination of an immigration policy based on national origin quotas.
4. an increase in the deportation of Asian immigrants.
1. Alliance for Progress.
2. Fair Deal.
3. Great Society.
4. New Deal.
What would be considered a major factor in the declining number of family farms during the last half of the twentieth century?
1. The U.S. agricultural industry shifted to the use of corporate farms.
2. The U.S. government initiated the use of food production centers.
3. Demand for grains declined in the United States because of European imports.
4. Exports of U.S. agricultural products to Asian countries declined.
1. overcrowding in urban tenements
2. the growth of political machines
3. the overproduction of consumer goods
4. labor union activism in urban areas
Which of the following was a cause of the Great Depression?
1. Consumers were buying crops grown in other countries.
2. The industrial sector was not producing enough goods.
3. Natural resources were becoming less available.
4. The stock market was not sufficiently regulated.
Japanese Americans were held in internment camps during World War II because they —
1. disobeyed the state laws of California
2. disagreed with President Franklin Roosevelt’s war strategy
3. were labeled a threat to U.S. security
4. were unwilling to serve in the U.S. military
1. Secondary sources
2. Factual accounts
3. Differing points of view
4. Newspaper reports
Which New Deal agency established a pension program that contributes to the income of retired workers?
1. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
2. Social Security Administration
3. Securities and Exchange Commission
4. Agricultural Adjustment Administration
1. Creation of the League of Nations
2. U.S. Entrance into World War I
3. Formation of the Allied Powers
4. U.S. Decision to Contain Communism
The Civil Rights movement’s strategy of nonviolent resistance was most widely advocated throughout the 1960s by —
1. Stokely Carmichael’s Black Power movement
2. Malcolm X’s Organization of Afro-American Unity
3. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Southern Christian Leadership Conference
4. Huey P. Newton’s Black Panther Party
1. Dust Bowl farmers migrating from the Midwest to California
2. African Americans migrating from the South to the North
3. Rust Belt workers migrating from the Northeast to Texas
4. Mexican Americans migrating from border states to the Northeast
1. The Voting Rights Act of 1965
2. Brown v. Board of Education
3. The Civil Rights Act of 1964
4. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
1. declare war on Spain
2. build a canal in Panama
3. enact the Teller Amendment
4. announce the Open Door policy
1. the same honorary rank as other veterans who served
2. lifetime employment in the military
3. job placement in medical professions
4. the same benefits provided to other veterans
1. Henry Cabot Lodge
2. George Marshall
3. Theodore Roosevelt
4. Harry S. Truman
Which of the following is a primary result of twentieth-century technological innovations such as computers and robots?
1. Fewer assembly-line jobs for workers
2. More people working in agriculture
3. Fewer people living in suburbs
4. More safety hazards for factory workers
1. The Scopes Trial
2. The Espionage Act
3. The Palmer Raids
4. The Bonus Army
1. The establishment of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
2. The implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
3. The implementation of the Kyoto Protocol
4. The signing of the World Trade Agreement
Which of the following was a cause of the Korean War?
1. South Korea would not trade with other Asian countries.
2. Taiwan attempted to seize control of South Korea.
3. The United States would not grant foreign aid to North Korea.
4. North Korea wanted to unify the peninsula under a communist regime.
1. Events of the Cold War
2. Events of the Great Depression
3. Events of the Roaring Twenties
4. Events of the Civil Rights Era
Which technological innovation most directly enabled the construction of skyscrapers throughout U.S. cities in the late nineteenth century?
1. Whitney’s interchangeable parts
2. Fulton’s steam engine
3. Taylor’s scientific management
4. Bessemer’s steel process
1. halt production at meatpacking plants
2. pass a law calling for closer regulation of food quality
3. fund research to find a cure for tuberculosis
4. pass a law to limit work hours in meatpacking plants
1. 1, 3, 2, 4
2. 4, 1, 3, 2
3. 1, 4, 3, 2
4. 4, 2, 1, 3
The United States formed the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in response to —
1. the Soviet Union’s launch of Sputnik 1
2. North Korea’s invasion of South Korea
3. the Soviet Union’s placement of missiles in Cuba
4. China’s development of an atomic bomb
1. border conflicts
2. community development
3. environmental conservation
4. property values
1. create an alliance to protect against communist aggression in Europe
2. provide military assistance to countries seeking independence in the Americas
3. provide financial aid to rebuild countries in Africa
4. regulate economic ties with communist countries in Asia
In the 1930s, which countries were ruled by dictatorships that were widely regarded as threats to the safety and security of the world’s democracies?
1. Mexico, Brazil, and India
2. France, Spain, and Greece
3. Germany, Japan, and Italy
4. Japan, Mexico, and Turkey
1. Effects of the Baby Boom During the 1940s
2. Impact of the Automobile During the 1950s
3. Growth of the Service Industry During the 1960s
4. Results of Gasoline Shortages During the 1970s
1. expressed opposition to involvement in the conflict
2. risked their lives by serving in combat roles
3. performed duties that historically had been assigned to men
4. trained men to conduct air raids on the enemy
1. Statement 1
2. Statement 2
3. Statement 3
4. Statement 4
1. the effects of U.S. involvement in the Spanish-American War
2. the effects of U.S. imperialism on colonial territories
3. the U.S. economic policies that led to the Great Depression
4. the domestic impact of World War I on U.S. society
1. agriculture and mining were the main issues
2. voter turnout in local elections increased
3. domestic and international issues needed to be resolved
4. the federal government had reduced powers
1. Africa
2. Asia
3. Latin America and the Caribbean
4. Northern America
1. voting in elections
2. working in factories
3. becoming missionaries
4. studying economics
During World War I and World War II, American women —
1. served in Congress in large numbers
2. boycotted industries with government contracts
3. replaced many men in the civilian workforce
4. served in combat positions overseas
1. required vocational training programs for children
2. hired children as a source of cheap labor
3. sought government regulation of child labor
4. provided safe working conditions for child laborers
1. Orville Wright
2. Henry Bessemer
3. Henry Ford
4. Charles Lindbergh
1. The Nazis rise to power in Germany.
2. The United States declares a policy of neutrality.
3. The military seizes power in Japan.
4. The Soviet Union annexes Poland.
The effectiveness of nonviolent protest for the Civil Rights movement was demonstrated by which of the following?
1. The Montgomery bus boycott
2. The internment of Japanese Americans
3. The Truman Doctrine
4. The Good Neighbor policy
As a result of technological innovations in the late 1800s and early 1900s, industrialized nations —
1. lowered protective tariffs
2. eliminated periods of economic depression
3. raised their standard of living
4. increased immigration restrictions
1. Statement 1
2. Statement 2
3. Statement 3
4. Statement 4
1. containment
2. imperialism
3. internationalism
4. isolationism
1. the methods used by the Anti-Saloon League contributed to liquor consumption
2. aggressive measures were necessary to address the evils of liquor
3. poverty and crime were not the direct result of liquor consumption
4. disease and waste were caused by the actions of the Anti-Saloon League
1. The U.S. economy was stimulated when the United States withdrew from World War II.
2. Progressive Era reforms brought greater government regulation of the economy.
3. The United States reinforced its laissez-faire economic policy.
4. Congress responded to the economic crisis by passing New Deal legislation.
During the Progressive Era, reformers succeeded in making the political process more democratic by enacting legislation that —
1. made education mandatory in every state
2. provided for the direct election of senators
3. allowed 18-year-olds to vote
4. provided funds for settlement houses
1. the efforts of the Civil Rights movement
2. government support of private schools
3. the strengthening of Jim Crow laws
4. segregation in public schools
1. Sit-ins
2. Refusal to purchase certain goods
3. Petitions
4. Voter registration drives
1. Industrialism
2. Imperialism
3. Prohibition
4. Reconstruction
1. A return to isolationism
2. Raids on extremist groups
3. Restrictions on immigration
4. The impact of demobilization
The 1968 Tet offensive in South Vietnam resulted in —
1. the capture of Ho Chi Minh by U.S. troops
2. the final defeat of North Vietnamese forces
3. a loss of public confidence in the U.S. government
4. Cambodian attacks on U.S. military bases
Which of the following was instrumental in halting the German advance across the Soviet Union during World War II?
1. The superior organization of the Soviet forces
2. Russian access to the Atlantic Ocean
3. The effects of the harsh Russian winter
4. The use of atomic weapons by the Soviets
Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan were the lead attorneys in the famous 1925 case that dealt with —
1. the prosecution of suspected anarchists
2. an investigation of the U.S. stock market
3. the teaching of the theory of evolution in public schools
4. violations of antitrust laws by U.S. businesses
Which of the following is the most valid statement regarding the long-term effects of the Great Depression?
1. The government placed fewer restrictions on large corporations.
2. The economic role of the federal government was expanded.
3. The government reduced its dependence on foreign trade.
4. The American people had less confidence in the nation’s presidential leadership.
1. monopolistic practices by big business are a threat to the United States
2. the U.S. government should pass stricter immigration laws
3. high protective tariffs are preventing U.S. trade with foreign countries
4. the U.S. government must relax regulations on big business
1. It caused the United States to join Germany in the Triple Alliance.
2. It resulted in the creation of the United Nations.
3. It led to U.S. rejection of the Treaty of Versailles.
4. It influenced U.S. public opinion against Germany.
1. World War II
2. The Great Depression
3. The Cold War
4. The Progressive Era
1. World War I
2. World War II
3. The Cold War
4. The Korean War
1. The banks failed.
2. The investors went to jail.
3. The brokers lost their licenses.
4. The government paid off all the loans.
The federal government gave land grants to railroads in order to —
1. prevent the growth of labor unions in U.S. industries
2. promote government ownership of factories
3. support the economic development of the West
4. prevent European investors from controlling U.S. industry
Which of the following historical periods is most associated with efforts by the U.S. government to promote the political equality of African Americans?
1. Gilded Age
2. Civil Rights movement
3. Great Depression
4. Progressive movement
1. sell bonds for the war effort
2. support government rationing
3. play an active role in the war effort
4. pursue opportunities in higher education
1. men have a longer life expectancy than women
2. countries with lower median ages also have shorter life expectancies
3. deaths from childbirth result in a lower median age for women than for men
4. a longer life expectancy is a result of proximity to the equator
1. both political parties cooperated to establish an effective foreign policy
2. the public supported foreign-policy decisions made by the two political parties
3. U.S. foreign-policy decisions made the world safer
4. neither political party wanted to take responsibility for U.S. foreign-policy decisions
1. expansion of U.S. railroads
2. development of labor unions
3. deregulation of big business
4. rise of organized crime
1. The Alps
2. The Rhine River
3. The English Channel
4. The Mediterranean Sea
One of the main reasons that air pollution increased in the 1950s was the —
1. shift from the use of natural gas to electricity to heat homes
2. new government legislation to regulate defense industries
3. population shift as people moved from cities to rural areas
4. growing use of automobiles resulting from the development of suburbs
1. collapse of the U.S. stock market
2. formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
3. entry of the United States into World War II
4. beginning of the Cold War
After the attacks on September 11, 2001, how did U.S. foreign policy change?
1. The administration authorized preemptive strikes against nations sponsoring terrorism.
2. A program to reduce military bases and personnel in Europe was announced.
3. Military aid to Pakistan and Afghanistan was immediately cut off.
4. Diplomatic efforts to negotiate peace between Israel and Palestine were abandoned.
1. given a dishonorable discharge from the military
2. allowed to contest deportation orders to return to Japan
3. released from relocation centers
4. allowed to apply for repatriation to Japan
1. entering agreements designed to prevent the use of nuclear weapons
2. establishing diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China
3. implementing a free-trade agreement with the government of North Korea
4. providing military aid to Ngo Dinh Diem’s government
Which set of events is listed in chronological order?
During the early 1900s, Booker T. Washington supported a moderate strategy for attaining civil rights for African Americans, while W. E. B. Du Bois called for a more aggressive approach. During the 1960s, a similar difference emerged between —
1. Medgar Evers and Thurgood Marshall
2. Barbara Jordan and Alice Walker
3. Rosa Parks and Marcus Garvey
4. Martin Luther King, Jr., and Malcolm X
1. the ground was not stable enough to support heavier structures
2. unpredictable weather conditions required settlers to build shelter rapidly
3. access to timber was limited by distance and lack of transportation
4. settlers lacked the skill required to build more permanent structures
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
1. the resentment shown toward immigrants for taking U.S. jobs
2. a government effort to implement quotas on immigration
3. the movement to assimilate immigrants into U.S. culture
4. the requirement that immigrants become U.S. citizens
1. Congressional attempts to bypass the principle of separation of powers
2. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s attempt to reorganize the Supreme Court
3. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s refusal to cooperate with state governments
4. Congressional attempts to undermine the principle of state sovereignty
How did incidents like the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and the secret bombing of Cambodia eventually affect the relationship between the legislative and executive branches of government?
1. Presidents began to seek congressional approval of any military action.
2. Congress attempted to limit the president’s ability to act unilaterally.
3. The president relinquished to Congress the position of commander in chief.
4. Congress called for the impeachment of a president following military failures in Vietnam.
The Supreme Court’s 1964 decision in Reynolds v. Sims significantly affected U.S. politics by —
1. limiting the use of the legislative filibuster
2. regulating the amount of individual campaign contributions
3. requiring that state legislative districts be roughly equal in population
4. establishing term limits for elected government officials
Which diagram shows how the completion of the transcontinental railroad contributed to the closing of the western frontier?
1. discovered a cure for infantile paralysis
2. founded a private hospital for children with polio
3. developed a vaccine against the frightening disease
4. identified the mode by which the disease was transmitted
1. establish the Federal Reserve System to regulate the money supply
2. urge the Interstate Commerce Commission to decrease corporate regulations
3. use the Sherman Antitrust Act to ensure competition in industry
4. lobby Congress to loosen restrictions on foreign exports
The need to clothe thousands of Union soldiers in the Northern United States during the Civil War led to the expansion of
1. cotton plantations.
2. textile manufacturing.
3. the steel industry.
4. labor unions.
1. corn
2. tobacco
3. cotton
4. rice
In the late 1800s, how did political and social unrest in Europe affect the United States?
1. U.S. mililtary forces were deployed in Europe.
2. European immigrants sought refuge in the U.S.
3. European nations requested mediation led by the U.S.
4. U.S. political influence declined in Europe.
1. Booker T. Washington
2. W.E.B. Du Bois
3. Martin Luther King, Jr.
4. Marcus Garvey
Which development during the Industrial Era led to the expansion of farming and ranching in the U.S.?
1. steel beam construction
2. assembly line manufacturing
3. growth of the railroads
4. increase in electric lighting
1. Alexander Graham Bell.
2. George Westinghouse.
3. Thomas Edison.
4. Gustavus Swift.
1. entry of women into industrial workplaces.
2. decision of business owners to integrate factories.
3. inability of immigrants to find employment in industry.
4. low wages of workers compared to factory owners
1. the growing power of business trusts and monopolies
2. the reliance on business to fund state and local governments
3. domestic exploration for petroleum reserves
4. foregin control of essential industries
During the late 19th century, state governments passed Granger laws with the goal of
1. encouraging investment in new factories.
2. restricting voting rights in the former slave states.
3. protecting the economic rights of farmers.
4. banning child labor in coal mines
1. Expansion of Global Trade
2. opera
3. television
4. newspapers
During the 1920s, which innovation became an important part of popular culture?
1. radio
2. opera
3. television
4. newspapers
British propaganda had the greatest influence on the United States' entry into which war?
1. Spanish-American War
2. World War I
3. World War II
4. Korean War
In the 1920s, speakeasies became popular in America as a result of
1. the prohibition of alcohol.
2. billboard advertising.
3. new trends in music.
4. new immigration patterns.
How did Governer Albert Roberts of Tennessee contribute to the ratification of the 19th Amendment?
1. He wrote the original draft of the amendment.
2. He established several organizations to support the amendment.
3. He campaigned nationally to support the amendment.
4. He called a special legislative session to vote on the amendment.
1. Federal Reserve Act of 1913
2. the dangers of financial speculation.
3. the unequal treatment of minority groups.
4. businesses gaining control over government.
1. too much regulation of business.
2. the dangers of financial speculation.
3. the unequal treatment of minority groups.
4. businesses gaining control over government.
1. Opposed the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education
2. Opposed racial discrimination against African Americans
3. Believed minorities should unite in a violent revolution to gain equality
4. Believed African Americans should start a nationalist movement
1. Skillful negotiation is enough to resolve most international problems.
2. If Americans model a well-functioning democracy, others will imitate it.
3. The U.S. should not involve itself in the affairs of other nations.
4. Dictatorships will collapse under their own weight as the economies improve.
1. They created conditions in Britain that increased support for isolationism.
2. They encouraged a close political alliance between Italy and Japan.
3. They encouraged investment in military industries in France and Poland.
4. They created conditions in Germany that allowed for the rise of Nazism.
1. foreign competition.
2. business failures.
3. international wars.
4. government regulation.
1. facism.
2. capitalism.
3. liberalism.
4. socialism.
During the 1930s, religious revivalism expanded in the U.S. as a response to the
1. experience of trench warfare in World War I.
2. fear of communist invasion during the Cold War.
3. economic hardships of the Great Depression.
4. increase in charitable giving during the Progressive Era.
1. New Deal.
2. Yalta Conference.
3. Truman Doctrine.
4. Manhattan Project.
1. Social Security Administration
2. Works Progress Administration
3. National Recovery Administration
4. Tennessee Valley Authority
Great Britain and France entered World War II as allies because of their commitment to defend which country?
1. Netherlands
2. Czechoslovakia
3. Austria
4. Poland
Increased urbanization in the U.S. during World War II can be attributed to the
1. opportunities for employment in industry.
2. rapid desegregation of neighborhoods.
3. fear of foreign attacks in remote rural areas.
4. arrival of large numbers of immigrants.
Which program was the Oak Ridge facility built to support?
1. the Tennessee Valley Authority
2. the Manhattan Project
3. the Interstate Highway System
4. the Marshall Plan
1. danger of explosions.
2. storage of uranium.
3. cost of materials.
4. fear of espionage
1. President Roosevelt needed to support government reorganization.
2. The Supreme Court should help more with government reorganization.
3. President Roosevelt was starting to have too much power.
4. The Supreme Court needed to have its power limited.
Among the Allied powers, which nation's economic system was most different from that of the U.S. following World War II?
1. France
2. Great Britain
3. Australia
4. Soviet Union
1. racial segregation.
2. gender equality.
3. labor organization.
4. generational conflict.
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
President Dwight Eisenhower strengthened the nation's transportation system by
1. ordering the desegregation of the armed forces.
2. creating the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
3. promoting passage of the Interstate Highway Act.
4. encouraging funds for science and math education.
The primary reason the U.S. became involved in the Korean Conflict was to
1. keep Soviet troops from invading the Korean Peninsula.
2. liberate the North Korean people from a dictatorship.
3. prevent communism from spreading to South Korea.
4. protect free trade between North and South Korea.
1. State courts were required to provide lawyers for defendants in criminal cases.
2. State courts were obligated to establish a district attorney's office.
3. Citizens were required to retain a lawyer before filing a civil lawsuit.
4. Citizens must receive legal counsel before pressing criminal charges.
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
Which phrase best describes the 1950s U.S. policy of brinkmanship?
1. providing economic aid to needy postwar Europeans
2. offering military aid to democratic governments
3. establishing peaceful relations with the Soviet Union
4. using the threat of nuclear war to prevent the spread of communism
1. Albert Gore, Sr.
2. George Wallace
3. Strom Thurmond
4. Harry Burn
In the 1950s, Sun Studio in Memphis, Tennessee, had the greatest influence on which new musical style?
1. jazz
2. classical
3. big band
4. rock 'n' roll
Sam Walton established a business model based on the idea that
1. cotton industries employ the most efficient means of production.
2. discount stores that focus on high volume and low prices are extremely profitable.
3. small specialty stores with high prices make the largest profit.
4. shopping malls with department stores and restaurants are extremely popular.
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
The Reagan and Clinton administrations were both known for having
1. the consistent support of the majority party in Congress.
2. advocated changes in the role played by the federal government.
3. been succeeded in their office by their vice presidents.
4. negotiated strategic peace agreements with the Soviet Union.
Vietnam only allows a certain amount of foreign-made motorcycles and bicycles to be brought into the country. This practice is an example of
1. a free-trade agreement.
2. an export tariff.
3. an import quota.
4. a foreign-aid agreement.
Which innovator revolutionized the retail industry with his online bookstore?
1. Steve Jobs
2. Michael Dell
3. Andy Hertzfeld
4. Jeff Bezos
Possible ties between the Nixon administration and the Watergate break-in were first made public by
1. reporters for the Washington Post.
2. congressional aides.
3. attorneys from the Justice Department.
4. presidential staff members.
1. maintaining neutrality
2. expanding international trade
3. containing communism
4. providing humanitarian aid
President BIll Clinton's final budget differed from those of Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush because it
1. expanded taxes on the working poor.
2. increased defense spending.
3. eliminated deficit spending.
4. reduced international food aid.
1. Influence of Political Parties
2. Development of Democracies
3. Impact of Globalization
4. Expansion of Organized Labor
Ray Kroc helped change the U.S. economy by
1. expanding a chain of fast-food restaurants.
2. building a national chain of discount stores.
3. improving information searches on computers.
4. creating an effective way to sell goods over the Internet.
One main benefit of the development of indoor plumbing during the late 1800s was the
1. growth of industry.
2. increase in manual labor.
3. conservation of fresh water.
4. improvement in sanitation.
1. Germany Declares War on Britain
2. Russia Enters World War I
3. United States Enters World War I
4. France Declares War on Germany
1. Industrial technology increases.
2. Bank failures increase.
3. Agricultural colleges flourish.
4. Suburban sprawl begins.
Why did people live in Hoovervilles in the 1930s?
1. Government policies encouraged settlement in these areas.
2. They could not find builders willing to work.
3. They refused to accept government assistance.
4. Economic conditions forced them out of their homes.
The Indian Reorganization Act allowed Native Americans on reservations to
1. receive government aid for tribal improvements.
2. retain tribal membership after moving to cities.
3. establish local governments for tribal groups.
4. build universities for the use of tribal members.
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
1. civil war.
2. popular revolt.
3. natural disaster.
4. nuclear attack.
The increase in the number of college applicants during the 1960s and 1970s was the result of the
1. influx of well-educated immigrants.
2. improved quality of high school education.
3. lowering of the voting age to 18 years.
4. post--World War II baby boom.
The investigation into the attempted burglary of the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate Hotel eventually resulted in the
1. growth of third parties in presidential elections.
2. resignation of the President of the United States.
3. decline in congressional hearings.
4. end of the VIetnam War.
1. were determined to encourage industry in foreign countries.
2. followed international treaties when making foreign policy decisions.
3. used the military to achieve their foreign policy goals.
4. took action to prevent communist takeovers of foreign countries.
Europeans came to America for all of the following reasons except
1. To spread Christianity
2. Seeking treasure
3. Seeking glory
4. Looking to expand the slave trade
The monarchies of European countries in 1600 wanted the land in America for all fo these reasons except
1. To expand political boundaries
2. Create new markets
3. To gain land to give to their subjects
4. To Christianize the American Indians
The primary reason the London Company sent settlers to Jamestown was to
1. Gain riches for their stock holders
2. Search for a Northwest Passage
3. decrease a growing population
4. Convert the Native Americans to Christianity
European contact with the Native Americans led to
1. European acceptance of the horse into their culture
2. The death of millions of Native Americans
3. The introduction of new plants from Europe including potatoes and corn
4. The conversion of Native American culture to English ways
The cash crop that saved Virginia from becoming a financial disaster for the London Company was
1. cotton
2. indigo
3. rice
4. tobacco
The colony of Georgia was founded
1. To allow trading companies to expand their commerce
2. To save people from a life of poverty and misery
3. To provide growth opportunities for ambitious farmers
4. To provide shelter from religious persecution
The Puritans dominated and influenced colonial life primarily in the
1. New England colonies
2. Middle colonies
3. Southern colonies
4. All of these
Those who were desperate to get to the English colonies and agreed to work a period of time in return for their passage were
1. slaves
2. indentured servants
3. serfs
4. peasants
The 18th century New England Colonies economy depended primarily on
1. farming
2. manufacturing
3. shipping and trade
4. bartering
The French and Indian War had convinced the English colonists that
1. England wanted to tax them unfairly
2. England did not think they could protect the settlers from foreign invasion
3. The king was too far away to administer and govern them properly
4. They should revolt against their king as soon as possible
Great Britain increased the colonists' taxes after the French and Indian War to
1. boost proceeds for the monarchy
2. pay for the long, expensive wars with France
3. make it clear that Great Britain was in charge
4. pay a ransom to the French for prisoners of the war
A major cause of the American Revolution was
1. attacks by Native Americans on the frontier
2. A boycott of British goods
3. The British disregard of the rights of the American colonists
4. The signing of the Treaty of Paris
A "Tory" or "Loyalist" was a colonist that believed
1. each colony deserved to be represented in parliament
2. the colonists should support the decisions of parliament
3. it would be wrong to break away from England, their mother country
4. taxation without representation was a good reason for the colonists to go to war
The pamphlet "Common Sense" by Thomas Paine helped the American cause in the Revolutionary War because it
1. convinced France to join in the fight against Britain
2. led to the repeal of the Stamp Act
3. created a new system of government for the United States
4. persuaded individuals who were undecided to support the fight for independence
According to the Declaration of Independence, the main purpose of government is to
1. protect people's natural rights
2. equalize the opportunities for all people
3. provide for the common defense of the nation
4. establish a system of free public education
The principles of government that Thomas Jefferson included in the Declaration of Independence were most influenced by
1. John Locke's social contract theory
2. Louis XIV's belief in divine right
3. Adam Smith's idea of free enterprise
4. WIlliam Penn's views on religious tolerance
The main author of the Declaration of Independence was
1. John Hancock
2. Thomas Jefferson
3. Thomas Paine
4. James Madison
Who was a passionate spokesman for independence and is known for stating, "...Give me liberty, or give me death."
1. George Washington
2. Alexander Hamilton
3. James Madison
4. Patrick Henry
The first commander of the Continental Army was
1. William Pitt
2. Nathaniel Greene
3. George Washington
4. Thomas Gage
The patriot that convinced the French to assist the Americans in their war for independence was
1. Thomas Jefferson
2. Nathaniel Greene
3. George Washington
4. Thomas Gage
Under the Articles of Confederation the relationship between the thirteen states
1. improved the point of total unity
2. was good economically, but poor politically
3. led to a single currency
4. convinced many that a stronger central government was needed
Shays' Rebellion convinced many Americans of the need for
1. lower taxes
2. granting long-delayed bonuses to Revolutionary War veterans
3. a vigilante effort by westerners to halt the Native American threat
4. a stronger central government
The Federalist Papers were written in an attempt to
1. encourage Congress to amend the Constitution
2. granting long-delayed bonuses to Revolutionary War veterans
3. a vigilante effort by westerners to halt the Native American threat
4. a stronger central government
The 3/5 Compromise counted 3 of every 5 slaves for which purpose?
1. Representation and direct taxes
2. Commerce and electing the president
3. Amending and ratifying the Constitution
4. Levying tariffs and electing the president
The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom is reflected in the
1. 5th Amendment
2. Preamble to the Constitution
3. Declaration of Independence
4. 1st Amendment
Washington established all of the following Cabinet positions except:
1. Secretary of State
2. Secretary of War
3. Secretary of Energy
4. Attorney General
All of the following were associated with the Federalist platform except:
1. Support by Alexander Hamilton
2. Favored by the rich and those born well-off
3. Strong central government
4. Belief in states' rights
All of the following were characteristics of the Democratic-Republican Party except:
1. Weak central government
2. Supported by Thomas Jefferson
3. Mainly represented by aristocrats
4. Supporters were mostly farmers
Which of the following served as the guiding force of the early Supreme Court?
1. Earl Warren
2. John Adams
3. Oliver Wendell Holmes
4. John Marshall
All of the following were causes of the War of 1812 except:
1. Impressment of American sailors
2. Chinese immigration and expansion in the Western territory
3. War Hawks and Canadian cessation orders
4. Lack of freedom of the seas
The Monroe Doctrine was a warning for _____ to stay out of the Americas as colonists.
1. Cuba
2. African nations
3. Asian nations
4. European nations
The Louisiana Territory was purchased from _____.
1. France
2. Spain
3. Germany
4. England
The invention of _____ led to an expansion in the slave trade.
1. steam engine
2. telegraph
3. cotton gin
4. plow
The belief that America was supposed to rule as a nation from sea to shining sea could be called _____.
1. Manifest Destiny
2. Imperialism
3. Dollar Diplomacy
4. the Monroe Doctrine
Which of the following was a provision of the Compromise of 1850?
1. California would be a free state
2. Missouri would be a free state
3. Slavery would be prohibited in New Mexico and Utah
4. All new states would prohibit slavery
How did the Kansas Nebraska Act affect slavery in the new territories?
1. It banned slavery from all new territories after 1858
2. It established 36' 30' N as the boundary between slave and free states
3. It granted citizens of the territories the right to decide if slavery should be allowed
4. It granted Congress the right to decide on the slavery debate in all states
John Brown led a raid on a federal arsenal at _____.
1. Morgantown, WV
2. Sumter, SC
3. San Jacinto, TX
4. Harper's Ferry, VA
All of the following events helped the abolitionist movement except:
1. The publication of "The Liberator" by William Lloyd Garrison
2. Slave revolts led by Nat Turner
3. Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel "Uncle Tom's Cabin"
4. The Dred Scott decision made by the Supreme Court
Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction could not be fully enacted because of his _____.
1. failure to be reelected in 1864
2. impeachment by the radical Republicans
3. assassination shortly after Lee's surrender
4. philosophy of punishing the South was not supported by Congress
The 15th Amendment stated _____.
1. slavery was permanently abolished in the United States
2. voting rights were guaranteed regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude
3. states were prohibited from denying equal rights under the law to any American
4. women were allowed to vote
The 13th Amendment _____.
1. abolished slavery
2. granted citizenship rights to blacks
3. gave black males the right to vote
4. guaranteed equal protection under the law to blacks
The 14th Amendment _____.
1. abolished slavery
2. granted citizenship rights to blacks
3. gave black males the right to vote
4. guaranteed equal protection under the law to blacks
The main purpose of the Homestead Act of 1862 was to _____.
1. provide land for building a transcontinental railroad
2. encourage settlement of land in the West
3. raise revenue for the federal government
4. maintain a balance between slave states and free states
A political reason for Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation was to
1. free all slaves throughout the nation
2. assure British neutrality
3. end the draft riots in the North
4. win the presidential election of 1862
Lee's surrender to Grant at the end of the Civil War took place at _____.
1. Antietam
2. Gettysburg
3. Vicksburg
4. Appomattox
Which of the following was an advantage the Confederacy had over the Union?
1. A larger population
2. More factories
3. Better generals initially
4. Powerful foreign allies
The turning point of the Civil War were the battles of _____.
1. Antietam and Atlanta
2. Gettysburg and Chancellorsville
3. Antietam and Vicksburg
4. Gettysburg and Vicksburg
New immigrants to the U.S. from 1870 - 1930 came primarily from _____.
1. Eastern Europe
2. India and the Middle East
3. Western Europe
4. Northern Africa
How did Andrew Carnegie practice Vertical Consolidation?
1. By controlling all phases of the steel business
2. Using a piece work system
3. By creating a cartel of steel companies
4. Through the use of Laissez Faire Capitalism
_____ applied Horizontal Consolidation Standard Oil, his corporate oil empire.
1. Andrew Carnegie
2. John D. Rockefeller
3. J.P. Morgan
4. Cornelius Vanderbilt
The 19th Amendment guaranteed _____ the right to vote.
1. immigrants
2. African Americans
3. women
4. land owners
Which statement best explains a major cause of the Great Depression in the United States?
1. High income tax rates forced many workers into poverty.
2. Large quantities of foreign imports forced American companies out of business.
3. The government controlled almost every aspect of the American economy.
4. Factories and farms produced more products than Americans could afford to buy.
Which of the following finally ended the Great Depression?
1. Roosevelt's balanced budget
2. A delayed impact of the second New Deal
3. A new business confidence resulting from the New Deal Program
4. Massive government spending that accompanied World War II
At the beginning of the Great Depression, many Americans _____.
1. invested heavily in the stock market
2. took jobs working on government projects.
3. rushed to withdraw money from their banks.
4. blamed foreigners for the nation's economic problems.
As the American economy grew during the 1920s, more and more Americans _____.
1. bought goods on credit
2. stopped investing in the stock market
3. began to support the Democratic Party
4. sympathized with the demands of labor
Herbert Hoover failed to take action against the Depression during its first year because he believed _____
1. "Corporations will help themselves."
2. "Prosperity is just around the corner."
3. "The American people deserve a Fair Deal."
4. "The business of America is business, not welfare."
The agreements that attempted to ensure the humane treatment of prisoners of war was the _____.
1. Treaty of Versailles
2. Atlantic Charter
3. Geneva Convention
4. Yalta Agreement
The German offensive which intended to halt the Allied invasion of Germany resulted in the _____.
1. Battle of Midway
2. Battle of the Bulge
3. Battle of the Coral Sea
4. Battle of Normandy
Each of the following are examples of totalitarian aggression except the
1. Axis invasion of Poland
2. Italian invasion of Ethiopia
3. Japanese invasion of China
4. Allied invasion of Normandy
The strategy of giving Hitler part of what he wanted in order to secure peace
1. Blitzkrieg
2. Appeasement
3. Anti-Semitism
4. Limited negotiations
What was the turning point of World War II on the Russian Front?
1. Soviet defeat at Moscow
2. Japanese defeat at Iwo Jima
3. Italian defeat at Sicily
4. German defeat at Stalingrad
World War II began immediately after _____.
1. Germany invaded Sudetenland
2. Italy invaded Ethiopia
3. Germany invaded Poland
4. the signing of the Non-Agression Pact
All of the following are true about the Cuban Missile Crisis except:
1. It began when the Soviet Union placed missiles in Cuba
2. President Kennedy ordered the Soviets to remove the missiles
3. The United States launched an attack against the Soviet Union
4. Nuclear war was avoided by the removal of the missiles
United States involvement in Korea illustrated the Cold War policy of _____.
1. Coexistence
2. Neutrality
3. Containment
4. Massive Retaliation
Even though President Roosevelt supported the Allies with war supplies before 1941, why was the United States unable to enter the war until after the bombing of Pearl Harbor?
1. The Supreme Court disapproved of war.
2. Most citizens refused to support England.
3. Many state governors approved of the Axis.
4. Most of Congress refused to support a war.
Why were the League of Nations and the United Nations created?
1. to end world hunger
2. to prevent future wars
3. to unify the world economy
4. to spread democracy in the world
Why did Congress pass laws protecting civil rights during Reconstruction?
1. to reverse the Dred Scott decision
2. to abolish black codes in the South
3. to punish former Confederate soldiers
4. to help former slaves migrate to the North
Why did people in the Great Depression call their temporary settlement communities “Hoovervilles”?
1. President Hoover was very popular during the depression.
2. They blamed President Hoover for the depression.
3. To honor President Hoover.
4. President Hoover grew up in similar housing.
Why was the purchase of Alaska in 1867 important to the development of
the U.S. economy?
1. The land was rich in timber, gold, and oil.
2. The region set up an extensive trading network.
3. It made the country a dominant imperialistic force.
4. It established thousands of square miles of national forests.
How did the Federal Reserve’s higher interest rates in the 1930s complicate the Great Depression?
1. People were less likely to leave their money in unstable banks.
2. People began spending their money rather than saving it.
3. People saved money rather than spending it.
4. People were more likely to take out loans.
How did the government’s policy of manifest destiny affect Native Americans living on the plains in the late 1800s?
1. Native Americans were forced to accept treaties and land east of the Mississippi River.
2. Native Americans were forced to give up reservations with the passage of the Monroe Doctrine.
3. Native Americans were forced to mine gold discovered by settlers.
4. Native Americans were forced onto reservations while settlers took their land.
One consequence of World War II was that the U.S.
1. returned to its isolationist tendencies
2. avoided foreign conflicts
3. remained deeply involved in world affairs
4. reduced its military spending
Which of these actions is an example of checks and balances?
1. President Reagan sent troops to Grenada.
2. Congress passed a law raising income tax.
3. President Truman vetoed the Taft-Hartley Act.
4. State governments passed laws setting speed limits.
What effect did the Immigration Act of 1965 have?
1. Florida’s immigrant population declined dramatically.
2. Asians immigrated to the Northeast in great numbers.
3. Big cities in the Midwest lost a large percentage of their foreign-born
  population.
4. Southwestern border states such as Arizona experienced massive population
  growth.
Which situation resulted from the OPEC oil embargo of 1973?
1. oil shortages and rising prices
2. oil shortages and falling prices
3. oil surpluses and rising prices
4. oil surpluses and falling prices
During the late 19th century, many anti-imperialists worried that imperialism might threaten United States democratic values by
1. opening more doors of diplomacy
2. considering the needs of native peoples
3. violating fundamental human rights
4. establishing protection for weaker countries
Which of these statements describes both the Fifteenth Amendment and the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
1. Suffrage cannot be denied on the basis of race.
2. Anyone born in the United States is a citizen.
3. Congress has the power to collect taxes.
4. Slavery cannot exist in the United States.
Why did large numbers of African Americans migrate to the North in the early 20th century?
1. Northern states offered them free farmland.
2. Labor unions in the North recruited them as members.
3. Southern Jim Crow laws restricted their job opportunities.
4. New laws forced them to leave the South or pay heavy fi nes.
Why did many immigrants move from eastern and southern Europe to the U.S. between 1880 and 1920?
1. to escape the threat of war in Europe
2. to spread new political ideas from Europe
3. to bring new industrial techniques to the U.S.
4. to take advantage of economic opportunities in the U.S.
How did the Democratic administration infl uence politics during the Great Depression and World War II?
1. They broadened states rights to avoid military confl ict.
2. They engaged in propaganda to defeat other political parties.
3. They expanded government involvement in people’s lives.
4. They followed a laissez-faire economic approach to avoid regulation.
How did labor unions affect the lives of many workers during the late 19th century?
1. They won shorter hours and better pay for workers.
2. They helped workers take over ownership of factories and mines.
3. They worked with lawmakers to pass pro-business legislation.
4. They welcomed workers of any race or gender to join in their strikes.
How did the Homestead Act attract farmers to the frontier?
1. It guaranteed farmers access to the railroad.
2. It provided farmers with subsidies for their crops.
3. It offered tax incentives to farmers who settled in the West.
4. It offered free land to farmers who would improve it within fi ve years.
One effect of the building of the transcontinental railroad was to
1. make more land for Native Americans in the West
2. attract more Latin Americans to the West
3. make land available for cotton plantations in the West
4. attract more migrants to the West
How did the Dust Bowl affect the Great Plains during the Great Depression?
1. Thousands of families left for the West Coast.
2. It brought economic prosperity to urban areas.
3. Thousands of individuals relocated to the East.
4. It caused a population decline in northeastern cities.
The “separate but equal” doctrine established by the Supreme Court in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) upheld the use of
1. Jim Crow laws.
2. voting rights restrictions.
3. forced busing of students.
4. Affirmative Action programs.
1. The Allies had no need for United States exports.
2. American exports remained constant during the war
3. President Wilson’s call for strict neutrality was difficult to meet.
4. Germany increased trade with the United States after war began.
1. to keep morale high in the army.
2. to continue to support a drawn-out war.
3. to maintain the quality of its leadership.
4. to receive the support of the civilian population.
Advocates of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 generally overlooked the contributions Chinese immigrants had made to the
1. settlement of farmlands on the Great Plains.
2. defeat of the Confederacy in the Civil War.
3. defeat of Native Americans in the 1870s.
4. settlement of the American West.
Which reason explains why the U.S. helped to form the United Nations?
1. to protect the rights of Jewish people in the newly-established state of Israel
2. because of concerns about the growing influence of newly-independent African nations
3. because of a conviction that efforts to achieve world peace required U.S. involvement
4. to continue to hold the place of world leadership that the United States held at the Yalta Conference
In response to an increased need for farm and industrial labor in the 19th century, the U.S. government favored
1. the unionization of workers.
2. virtually unrestricted immigration.
3. vocational and post-secondary education.
4. the recruitment and retraining of former slaves.
Some economists criticized the New Deal as the beginning of
1. deficit spending.
2. demand economy.
3. trickle-down economics.
4. government budget surpluses.
1. Cuban immigrants were looking for jobs as farmworkers.
2. European immigrants were seeking wartime employment in factories.
3. Native Americans were looking for abandoned farmland in the Dust Bowl.
4. African Americans were searching for employment in Northern industries.
Which statement describes the effect mobilization for World War II had on American women?
1. Women received equal pay in all job areas.
2. The number of women in the American labor force increased.
3. Corporations expected women to remain in their jobs after the war.
4. Women no longer played the dominant role in caring for their children.
Which explanation best describes the process by which Hawaii was added to the U.S.?
1. A congressional resolution declared that Hawaii was a U.S. territory.
2. Queen Liliuokalani signed a treaty to make Hawaii a U.S. territory.
3. The U.S. purchased Hawaii from Russia in 1867.
4. Spain ceded Hawaii to the U.S. in 1898.
1. Third parties introduce new ideas into elections.
2. Third parties divert attention from important issues.
3. Third parties win popular votes but seldom win electoral votes.
4. Third parties can shift election victories from one major party to the other.
1. to reduce racial tensions
2. to reverse the effects of past discrimination
3. to gain the political support of minority groups
4. to eliminate poverty for women and minorities
1. denying legal representation to any person accused of a serious crime
2. allowing police to look for evidence in a criminal case without a warrant
3. requiring persons accused of crimes to testify against themselves in court
4. requiring witnesses to describe what they have seen during a criminal act
1. Secure banking system
2. Increased foreign trade
3. Stock market speculations
4. Strict government regulations
1. requiring Japanese Americans to return to Japan
2. forcing Japanese Americans into internment camps
3. forbidding acts of discrimination against Japanese immigrants
4. restricting the number of Japanese immigrants to the United States
1. to repay loans made by the United States
2. to stop the spread of communism in Europe
3. to take over western European governments
4. to help the Soviet Union rebuild its military strength
1. formation of a league of nations to prevent future wars.
2. expansion of United States political and economic power abroad.
3. restriction of immigrants to protect the jobs of domestic workers.
4. creation of a United States agency to provide relief for natural disaster victims.
Why was the Bill of Rights added to the United States Constitution?
1. to ensure rights of foreigners
2. to ensure slaves’ right to vote
3. to protect the federal government from the states
4. to protect the individual rights of citizens from government abuse
When people purchase shares of stock in the stock market, they are investing in
1. corporations.
2. labor unions.
3. governments.
4. political parties.
1. exiled Native Americans
2. deported American Jews
3. oppressed Irish Americans
4. enslaved African Americans
1. They had fewer children.
2. They traveled less often.
3. They enjoyed increased prosperity.
4. They purchased fewer consumer goods.
Which of the following best explains why the U.S. Senate rejected American participation in the League of Nations after World War I?
1. Senators thought league membership would cost too much money.
2. Senators thought the league would interfere in Latin American affairs.
3. Senators thought the league would require its members to reduce tariffs.
4. Senators thought league membership would undermine American sovereignty.
Which of the following is the most important responsibility of the Federal Reserve System?
1. to set the minimum wage
2. to regulate gasoline prices
3. to regulate stock exchanges
4. to control the money supply
1. The government provided land to settlers in the West.
2. The government gave funds to railroad companies in the West.
3. The government funded large-scale irrigation projects in the West.
4. The government promised to buy cash crops from farmers in the West.
What was the most important result of the Hayes-Tilden agreement (Compromise of 1877) following the presidential election of 1876?
1. the end of Reconstruction
2. the passage of the Dawes Act
3. the rise of multiple radical political parties
4. the construction of the transcontinental railroad
What was the American colonists' primary objection to the taxes imposed by the Stamp Act?
1. It was the first time the British tried to control the colonies.
2. It set the rate so high that it harmed the colonial economy.
3. It had not been approved by colonial representatives.
4. It interfered with merchants' right to free trade.
What was an important argument that the Federalists made in support of a new constitution?
1. It would weaken slavery.
2. It would protect states' rights.
3. It would strengthen the economy.
4. It would protect the rights of the individual.
Which aspect of economic policy did Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton agree upon?
1. The U.S. government should pass a protective tariff.
2. The U.S. government should use liquor taxes to raise revenue.
3. The U.S. government should pay off the war debt to foreign countries.
4. The U.S. government should insure deposits in the Bank of the United States.
During the 1800s, what was frequently cited as a justification for U.S. expansionist policies in clashes with other nations?
1. Bill of Rights
2. Social Contract
3. Manifest Destiny
4. Gospel of Wealth
1. an increase of paid cotton workers in the South
2. the growth of industrial production in the South
3. the rise of textile manufacturing in England and the United States
4. an increase in the number of railroad lines that crossed the continent
In the fall of 1862, what was one immediate effect of President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation?
1. It ended the Civil War.
2. It created confusion in the South.
3. It abolished slavery in all states of the Union.
4. It led European countries to ally with the South.
Why did immigrants support political machines?
1. to have more educational opportunities
2. to reform city governments
3. to get better public housing
4. to gain employment
How did the results of the Spanish American War affect the expansion of the U.S.?
1. The war ended U.S. expansion because of the extraordinary costs of the war.
2. The war allowed the U.S. to acquire the Texas territory.
3. The war led to increased U.S. expansion into South America.
4. The war gave the U.S. territories in the South Pacific.
Why did President Franklin D. Roosevelt refrain from intervening in Europe during the rise of totalitarian regimes in Germany and Italy?
1. A large portion of the American public did not support U.S. involvement in Europe.
2. President Roosevelt did not believe the U.S. military could defeat the German military.
3. The leaders of Britain and France did not want the U.S. intervening in European affairs.
4. President Roosevelt was afraid a prolonged war would further damage the weakened U.S. economy.
How did Martin Luther King Jr.'s strategy to achieve social justice differ from that of Black Power advocates?
1. King worked with white leaders.
2. King opposed the war in Vietnam.
3. King organized marches and public demonstrations.
4. King supported voting rights for African Americans.
What foreign policy has been a consistent feature under the administrations of U.S. President Harry
Truman through President George W. Bush?
1. support for the state of Israel
2. opposition to dictators in Iraq
3. friendly relations with mainland China
4. strained relations with France and Germany
Settlers of Virginia included all of the following except
1. indentured servants seeking passage to the New World
2. small farmers and artisans settling in the Shenandoah Valley
3. Puritans seeking refuge from religious persecution from the Quakers
4. English nobility, known as "Cavaliers", provided with large land grants.
The event which led to the growth of the Methodist and Baptist religions and which challenged the premise of an established church as well as the governmental order was
1. The Mayflower Compact
2. The Great Awakening
3. Bacon's Rebellion
4. The Zenger Trial
The primary purpose of the Sugar, Stamp, and Tea Acts was to help British Parliament to
1. control smuggling in the West Indies by the colonists
2. hinder colonial self-government in Massachusetts and Virginia
3. pay for the French and Indian War debts as well as British troops sent to protect the colonists
4. work with the colonial legislatures in governing the thirteen American colonies
The First Continental Congress was significant due to its
1. success in gaining the repeal of the Stamp Act
2. recognition of King George III as a legal legislative assembly equal to that of Parliament
3. attendance by representatives from 12 of the 13 colonies, demonstrating colonial unity
4. reducing tension between Britain and Massachusetts following the Battle of Bunker Hill
British troops fired upon anti-British demonstrators during the
1. French and Indian War
2. Boston Massacre
3. Boston Tea Party
4. Burning of Norfolk
The controversy over Federal power versus States' rights was basic cause of the
1. Revolutionary War.
2. Civil War
3. Spanish-American
4. Korean War
What is significant about Lincoln's Gettysburg Address?
1. It called for the South to surrender.
2. It freed the slaves throughout the U.S.
3. It defined the nature of democratic government.
4. It instituted draft laws for the first time in U.S. History.
1. British North America Before 1850
2. United States Territorial Expansion
3. Colonial North America
4. Wartime Land Acquisitions
The Louisiana Purchase was important to the United States because it
1. expanded the nation’s boundary to the Pacific Ocean
2. removed the Spanish from North America
3. closed the western territories to slavery
4. secured control of the Mississippi River
Which geographic feature served as the western boundary for British colonial settlements prior to the Revolutionary War?
1. Rocky Mountains
2. Mississippi River
3. Appalachian Mountains
4. Missouri River
“. . .That to secure these rights, governments are
instituted among men, deriving their just powers
from the consent of the governed, . . . ”
— Declaration of Independence

Which provision of the original U.S. Constitution was most influenced by this ideal?
1. enabling the president to select a cabinet
2. providing for direct election of the House of Representatives
3. allowing the Senate to try articles of impeachment
4. authorizing the Supreme Court to rule on disputes between states
Delegates at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 agreed to the Three-fifths Compromise to solve a dispute directly related to
1. the power of the presidency
2. representation in Congress
3. a decision by the Supreme Court
4. the addition of a bill of rights
Which feature of the United States Constitution traditionally gives the states authority over public education?
1. reserved powers
2. preamble
3. 5th Amendment
4. supremacy clause
“President Wilson Represents the United States at
Versailles”
“President Reagan Meets with Soviet President
Gorbachev”
“President Carter Negotiates Camp David Accords”

Each headline illustrates a time when the president of the United States acted as
1. chief diplomat
2. chief legislator
3. commander in chief
4. head of a political party
Which individual’s action was directly protected by the first amendment?
1. Alexander Graham Bell’s invention of the telephone in 1876
2. Theodore Roosevelt’s command of the Rough Riders in 1898
3. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s election to a third term in 1940
4. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s leading a march on Washington, D.C., in 1963
. . . The nation deserves and I will select a
Supreme Court justice that Americans can be
proud of. The nation also deserves a dignified
process of confirmation in the United States
Senate, characterized by fair treatment, a fair
hearing and a fair vote. I will choose a nominee
in a timely manner so that the hearing and the
vote can be completed before the new Supreme
Court term begins. . . .
— President George W. Bush, 2005

Which constitutional principle is suggested by this quotation?
1. federalism
2. checks and balances
3. States rights
4. due process
In his Farewell Address, President George Washington warned against establishing alliances with European countries because he was
concerned primarily about
1. restrictions on trade with Latin America
2. French colonization of the Caribbean
3. U.S. involvement in foreign wars
4. protection of the western frontier
The Monroe Doctrine (1823) was issued primarily because President James Monroe
1. wanted to warn European powers against intervention in Latin America
2. opposed the revolutions taking place in South America
3. needed to establish a foothold in Panama for a future canal
4. believed the U.S. should pursue overseas colonies
1. Port cities were not connected to railroads.
2. Railroads were more expensive to build than canals.
3. Most canals were abandoned before the Civil War.
4. Railroads were expanding more quickly in the North than in the South.
President Andrew Jackson’s policy toward Native American Indians was created to
1. encourage Native American Indians to become part of mainstream American society
2. force Native American Indians to move west of the Mississippi River
3. improve educational opportunities for Native American Indians
4. grant citizenship to Native American Indians
The publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, contributed to the start of the Civil War by
1. exposing the dangers of cotton manufacturing
2. intensifying Northern dislike of slavery
3. pressuring the president to support emancipation
4. convincing Congress to ban the importation of slaves
Following Reconstruction, the passage of Jim Crow laws in the South limited the effectiveness of
1. the 14th and 15th amendments
2. the Freedmen’s Bureau
3. Black Codes
4. tenant farming and sharecropping
During the late 1800s, many United States farmers believed their economic problems would be solved if the federal government would
1. raise interest rates
2. outlaw strikes by labor unions
3. put more money into circulation
4. regulate the amount of grain that was produced
In the late 19th century, critics of big business claimed that monopolies most harmed the economy by
1. limiting competition
2. decreasing the urban growth rate
3. preventing technological innovation
4. failing to keep pace with European industries
In the late 19th century, the ideas of Social Darwinism were used primarily to
1. encourage the passage of compulsory education laws
2. explain the differences in income between the rich and the poor
3. urge Congress to end immigration
4. support the growth of new political parties
The principal reason Congress raised tariff rates in the late 1800s and early 1900s was to
1. increase personal income taxes
2. lower prices for American consumers
3. guarantee high wages to American workers
4. protect United States businesses from foreign competition
Reformers of the early 20th century frequently attacked political machines because the politicians in these organizations often
1. denied voting rights to the poor
2. accepted bribes in return for favors
3. wasted money on military spending
4. discriminated against migrant workers
1. a strike
2. an open shop
3. a boycott
4. an injunction
A major purpose of the Progressive movement (1900–1917) was to
1. stimulate the economy
2. support government control of factory production
3. encourage immigration from southern and eastern Europe
4. correct the economic and social abuses of industrial society
Today, the Federal Reserve System attempts to stabilize the economy of the United States by
1. requiring federal budgets be prepared and presented to Congress
2. levying and collecting income taxes
3. regulating interest rates and the money supply
4. backing all currency with silver and gold
1. a decline in the economy
2. the increased use of the assembly line
3. a shift of the population from urban areas to farms
4. an increase in the price of automobiles
What was a major reason the United States entered World War I (1917)?
1. The Japanese had occupied Manchuria.
2. Foreign troops had landed on American soil.
3. The Austro-Hungarian Empire had invaded Belgium.
4. Germany had resumed unrestricted submarine warfare.
What was one effect of the Bolshevik Revolution (October 1917) on the United States?
1. Nativism increased, leading to the Red Scare.
2. Federal courts banned anti-immigrant groups.
3. The Allied powers needed fewer United States troops.
4. Immigration laws were changed to allow refugees from Russia.
What was the effect of the “clear and present danger” ruling established in Schenck v. United States (1919)?
1. placing limits on constitutional freedoms
2. decreasing the president’s powers during wartime
3. limiting the hours women could work in industry
4. upholding the right of states to regulate child labor
The Harlem Renaissance promoted African American culture by
1. increasing factory employment opportunities for minorities
2. encouraging immigration from Africa
3. focusing attention on artistic contributions
4. bringing an end to legalized racial segregation
During the 1920s, the United States changed its immigration policy by passing new laws that
1. provided incentives to attract more immigrants to factory jobs
2. encouraged Chinese immigrants to enter the country
3. allowed unrestricted immigration of war refugees from Vietnam
4. established quotas that reduced the number of immigrants from certain countries
President Franklin D. Roosevelt believed that declaring a bank holiday and creating the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) would help the nation’s banking system by
1. restoring public confidence in the banks
2. reducing government regulation of banks
3. restricting foreign investments
4. granting tax relief to individuals
The Social Security Act (1935) is considered an important program because it
1. brought about a quick end to the Great Depression
2. provided employment for those in need of a job
3. established a progressive income tax
4. extended support to elderly citizens
The policy of Cash and Carry, the Destroyers for Naval Bases Deal, and the Lend-Lease Act were all designed to
1. contribute to the success of the Axis powers
2. relieve unemployment caused by the Great Depression
3. guarantee a third term to President Franklin D. Roosevelt
4. aid the Allies without involving the United States in war
Rationing was used in the United States during World War II as a way to
1. ensure adequate supplies of scarce natural resources
2. increase the number of imports
3. raise production of consumer goods
4. provide markets for American-made products
The post–World War II trials held by the Allied powers in Nuremberg, Germany, and in Japan set an international precedent by
1. placing blame only on civilian leaders
2. forcing nations to pay for war damages
3. returning conquered territories to their peoples
4. holding individuals accountable for their war crimes
The development of the Marshall Plan and the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) were part of President
Harry Truman’s effort to
1. end the Korean War
2. limit the spread of communism
3. provide aid to Asian nations
4. promote an isolationist foreign policy
1. a decline in African American participation in political activities
2. the beginning of the modern civil rights movement
3. Southern resistance to the Civil Rights Act of 1964
4. the effects of affirmative action programs
1. granting them the right to own property
2. guaranteeing them the same wages as male workers
3. increasing their opportunities to participate in school sports
4. allowing them the right to seek elective offices
1. It doubled.
2. It decreased by about $5,000.
3. It increased by about $10,000.
4. It increased by about $50,000.
1. Median household income decreased.
2. Full employment was achieved.
3. Median household income stayed the same.
4. The United States population decreased.
The passage of the War Powers Act of 1973 was intended to affect the balance of power between the president and Congress by
1. allowing troops to be sent overseas without the president’s consent
2. requiring the president to remove all United States troops from Southeast Asia
3. permitting the president to enter treaties without Senate approval
4. placing limitations on the president’s ability to keep troops in hostile situations
Which event led to the investigations that resulted in the resignation of President Richard Nixon?
1. a decision to escalate the war in Vietnam
2. a presidential decision to freeze wages and prices
3. a break-in at the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee
4. an oil embargo by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
1. start of the Berlin airlift
2. expansion of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
3. end of the Cold War and reunification of Germany
4. signing of the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty and creation of the Hot Line
1. Consequences of World War I
2. Results of the Gentlemen’s Agreement
3. Events Leading to Neutrality
4. Factors Supporting United States Imperialism
1. Burning flags is another cause of global warming.
2. Washington politicians are focusing on the wrong issues.
3. Respect for the American flag around the world is declining.
4. Automobiles are mainly responsible for global warming.
1. restricting first amendment rights
2. promoting industrial growth
3. enforcing environmental regulations
4. encouraging globalization
1. A candidate can win the election without a majority of the popular vote.
3. Electoral college votes determine the will of the majority of voters.
4. Voter participation in national elections is declining.
The Department of Homeland Security was created as a direct response to the
1. Persian Gulf War (1991)
2. Oklahoma City bombing (1995)
3. terrorist attacks on September 11 (2001)
4. flooding of New Orleans (2005)
1. John F. Kennedy
2. Lyndon B. Johnson
3. Richard Nixon
4. Jimmy Carter
The Anthracite Coal Strike (1902), the Wagner Act (1935), and the founding of the United Farm Workers (1962) were important steps in
1. limiting the growth of labor unions
2. creating greater equality for women
3. ending discrimination directed at African Americans in the South
4. promoting fair labor practices and collective bargaining for workers
Which book describes how the Dust Bowl of the 1930s affected farmers of the Great Plains?
1. How the Other Half Lives
2. The Jungle
3. The Grapes of Wrath
4. Silent Spring
The term “Latin America” is generally used to describe a unique cultural region which includes all of South America, Central America, and Mexico. What characteristic helps define Latin America as a region?
1. Islam is the most widely practiced religion.
2. Most countries in this region have command economies.
3. Spanish and Portuguese are the most widely spoken languages.
4. Most countries in this region are former colonies of France or Italy.
In the late 19th century, industrialization led to harsh working conditions in the United States. Which policies of the U.S. government allowed such conditions to develop and later led to the growth of labor unions to correct abuses of workers?
1. laissez-faire policies toward big business
2. antitrust policies toward monopolies
3. imperialist policies regarding territorial expansion
4. isolationist policies regarding international alliances
“If we want anything, all we have to do is go and buy it on credit. So that leaves us without any economic problems whatsoever, except perhaps someday to pay for them.”

This quotation refers to _____.
1. installment buying
2. women's suffrage
3. buying on-margin
4. disarmament
I was a poet associated with the Harlem Renaissance.
1. Langston Hughes
2. Louis Armstrong
3. Jacob Lawrence
4. Bessie Smith
I was a Jazz Age composer who wrote uniquely American music, such as, Rhapsody in Blue.
1. George Gershwin
2. Duke Ellington
3. Louis Armstrong
4. Gugliemo Marconi
Advertising and installment plans made Americans a ______.
1. fads
2. bootleggers
3. demobilized
4. consumer society
I am the 1920s African-American leader who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and started a movement to have African-Americans move back to Africa.
1. Marcus Garvey
2. Jacob Lawrence
3. Langston Hughes
4. Duke Ellington
The Great Migration was a period where _____
1. many African-Americans moved to the South to escape discrimination and find jobs.
2. many African-Americans moved to Africa as a result of Marcus Garvey's ideas.
3. many northern Americans moved South for the weather.
4. many African-Americans moved north to escape discrimination and find jobs.
I am the gangster who dominated illegal liquor trade in Chicago through blackmail, bribery, and murder.
1. Al "Scarface" Capone
2. George "The Herman" Ruth
3. "Silent" Cal Coolidge
4. Charles "Lone Eagle" Lindbergh
I was a Jazz composer and pianist who helped introduce jazz to the urban scene who composed the song, "It don't mean a thing if you ain't got that swing."
1. Jacob Lawrence
2. Langston Hughes
3. Duke Ellington
4. Ernest Hemingway
Writers from the Harlem Renaissance were most concerned with the _____
1. fashions of the 1920s.
2. experience of the blacks in the United States.
3. long term effects of World War I.
4. effects of Prohibition on Americans.
The Ohio Gang was _____
1. was a gang of African-Americans who moved to northern cities searching for better employment opportunities.
2. a group of President Harding’s political friends from home state, many of whom were involved in a series of government scandals.
3. a group of African-American artists from Harlem.
4. a scandal during President Harding’s administration involving Secretary of Interior Albert Fall illegally leasing oil reserves in return for special gifts and loans.
Which of the following people is INCORRECTLY linked with his or her contributions?
1. A. Mitchell Palmer -----> the Red Scare
2. David Sarnoff -----> the radio
3. Langston Hughes -----> the Spirit of St. Louis
4. Babe Ruth -----> baseball
I was the silent film comic star known as "The Tramp."
1. Babe Ruth
2. Charlie Chaplin
3. Charles Lindbergh
4. Gertrude Ederle
I was a pioneer in the Broadcast Industry and founder of NBC.
1. George Herman Ruth
2. David Sarnoff
3. Duke Ellington
4. Gugliemo Marconi
True or False: The Red Scare was a wave of anti-Communist fear that swept the U.S. after WWI and again in the early 1950s.
1. True
2. False
The Sacco and Vanzetti trial and the actions of the Ku Klux Klan showed that ______
1. a strong fear of foreigners existed in the United States.
2. Americans still blamed Germany for the war.
3. there was less discrimination against black Americans in the North than in the South.
4. city people were more tolerant of change than people in rural areas.
The _____ helped create mass production.
1. disarmament
2. assembly line
3. expatriate
4. consumer society
Which of the following persons would be allowed to join the Ku Klux Klan?
1. a black sharecropper from the South
2. an Irish Catholic immigrant
3. a Jewish immigrant
4. a white man born in the United States
_____ allowed people to buy goods with one down payment and many monthly payments.
1. fads
2. installment plans
3. demobilizations
4. speakeasies
______ smuggled illegal liquor into the country from Canada and the Caribbean.
1. Deportees
2. Assembly lines
3. Expatriates
4. Bootleggers
I was the first man to fly solo in an airplane across the Atlantic Ocean.
1. George Ruth
2. Charles Lindbergh
3. Jacob Lawrence
4. Orville Wright
_____ was a nickname for 1920s movie theaters.
1. Flicks
2. Nickelodeons
3. Talkies
4. Studios
True or False: Many people moved to the suburbs because of the automobile.
1. False
2. True
I invented the wireless radio that transformed communication.
1. David Sarnoff
2. Gugliemo Marconi
3. Louis Armstrong
4. F. Scott Fitzgerald
I painted urban and Southwestern scenes.
1. Bessie Smith
2. Charles Lindbergh
3. Langston Hughes
4. Georgia O' Keeffe
True or False: Speakeasies were legal bars that sold liquor during Prohibition
1. False
2. True
I was an Italian Catholic immigrant and proclaimed anarchist that was convicted of murder and robbery. Though the evidence against me was weak and the judge prejudiced, I was found guilty and sentenced to death.
1. Benito Mussolini
2. Gugliemo Marconi
3. Leonardo DiVinci
4. Nicola Sacco
I was the charismatic jazz singer and trumpeter instrumental in introducing jazz to America.
1. Bessie Smith
2. Langston Hughes
3. Georgia O' Keeffe
4. Louis Armstrong
I was the U.S. Attorney General who led the Red Scare.
1. A. Philip Randolph
2. Duke Ellington
3. A. Mitchell Palmer
4. Woodrow Wilson
I was Harding’s Secretary of Interior, who was involved in the Teapot Dome scandal and was the first cabinet member jailed while being in office.
1. Albert Fall
2. A. Mitchell Palmer
3. Charles Forbes
4. Herbert Hoover
The purpose of _____ is to reduce a nation’s weapons of war.
1. expatriates
2. disarmament
3. xenophobia
4. fads
Flagpole sitting and playing mah-jongg were two _____ of the 1920s.
1. expatriates
2. bootleggers
3. flappers
4. fads
True or False: Fundamentalists believed in the theory of evolution.
1. False
2. True
The novelist who wrote The Great Gatsby, which was about the Jazz age of the 1920s was _____.
1. Langston Hughes
2. Ernest Hemingway
3. F. Scott Fitzgerald
4. Georgia O' Keeffe
Prohibition was created with the passing of the ____ Amendment to the Constitution.
1. 19th
2. 17th
3. 18th
4. 16th
This amendment ended or repealed the amendment that made it illegal to manufacture, sell, or transport alcoholic beverages.
1. 21st Amendment
2. 18th Amendment
3. 19th Amendment
4. 20th Amendment
I am an African-American artist who painted a series of paintings about the Great Migration.
1. Jacob Lawrence
2. Duke Ellington
3. Louis Armstrong
4. Langston Hughes
I wrote Farewell to Arms, which is a novel about disillusionment and the true horror of war.
1. Langston Hughes
2. Duke Ellington
3. Ernest Hemingway
4. F. Scott Fitzgerald
This was a remarkable time of African-American artistic achievement that was named for a neighborhood in New York City.
1. Great Migration
2. Harlem Renaissance
3. New Orleans Renaissance
4. Motown Renaissance
True or False: An impact of Prohibition was the government gained money from tax revenues earned from selling liquor
1. True - The government made money
2. False - The government lost money
I am the Empress of the Blues.
1. Geogia O' Keeffe
2. Bessie Jones
3. Bessie Smith
4. Gertrude Ederle
In 1893 Queen _____ of Hawaii presented a new constitution returning power to the monarchy. This caused a planters revolt.
1. Liliuokalani
2. Kami
3. Lekili
4. Linaka
_____ wrote the Open Door Policy declaring that all nations should have equal access to trade with China.
1. John Hay
2. Theodore Roosevelt
3. James Monroe
4. William Howard Taft
_____ was the Secretary of State who acquired Alaska.
1. James Platt
2. John Hay
3. William Seward
4. Matthew Perry
In the 1850s the United States was interested in Japan because _____.
1. it was interested in promoting tourism there
2. it wanted to gain control of their agricultural products
3. it wanted to secure a base for our armed forces there
4. it wanted to open their ports to trade
____ was the commander of the American fleet in the Battle of Manila Bay.
1. Commodore Matthew Perry
2. Commodore George Dewey
3. Commodore William Seward
4. Commodore John Pershing
The United States was interested in Panama because _____.
1. they wanted to secure control of the sugar cane produced there for the production of rum
2. they wanted it to become a U.S. territory
3. they enjoyed the culture and wanted to promote tourism to the region
4. they wanted to build a canal that would connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
_____ was the policy statement in 1823 that warned European nations not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere.
1. Isolationism
2. Moral Diplomacy
3. The Monroe Doctrine
4. The Big Stick Policy
_____ was the policy of having little to do with other nations.
1. Imperialism
2. Isolationism
3. Defiance
4. Nationalism
What happened in Havana Harbor in February 1898?
1. The U.S.S. Maine mysteriously exploded.
2. The U.S.S. Maine arrived in the area.
3. The U.S.S. Maine began to attack Spanish ships in the port.
4. The U.S.S. Maine slowly sank in a mysterious way.
_____ opened up Japanese ports to trade in 1854.
1. Commodore John Pershing
2. Commodore Alfred Thayer Mahan
3. Commodore George Dewey
4. Commodore Matthew Perry
Why was the United States interested in Alaska?
1. The U.S. suspected Alaska had a rich supply of oil.
2. U.S. sportsmen were interested in the fishing and game there.
3. The U.S. wanted a "stepping stone" to dominate trade in the Pacific.
4. The U.S. just wanted to grow in size.
The United States sent _____ to Japan to open up trade.
1. Commodore John Pershing
2. Commodore Alfred Thayer Mahan
3. Commodore George Dewey
4. Commodore Matthew Perry
_____ rebelled against the Queen of Hawaii.
1. American planters
2. Commodore George Dewey
3. President James Monroe
4. Secretary of State John Hay
____ was a nationalist organization that wanted to get rid of foreigners in China.
1. Rough Riders
2. Yellow Journalists
3. The Boxers
4. Roosevelt Corollary
What did Commodore George Dewey do during the Spanish American War?
1. He built the Panama Canal.
2. He negotiated the purchase of Alaska.
3. He was the victorious commander at the Battle of Manila Bay.
4. He brought democracy to Latin America.
_____ was the American President interested in building the Panama Canal.
1. William Howard Taft
2. Theodore Roosevelt
3. James Monroe
4. Elmer Seward
What happened at the Battle of Manila Bay?
1. Commodore Dewey and the U.S. fleet defeated the Spanish fleet.
2. The U.S.S. Maine mysteriously exploded.
3. A base for our armed forces was secured there.
4. The Platt Amendment was enacted.
The President who wanted to "substitute dollars for bullets" in Latin American foreign policy was _____.
1. Franklin D. Roosevelt
2. Theodore Roosevelt
3. James McKinley
4. William Howard Taft
A _____ is a financial bonus to do or not to do something.
1. manifest
2. subsidy
3. tax
4. philanthropic gesture
Panama is labeled with the letter _____ on this map.
1. E
2. F
3. G
4. C
Which of the following is one effect of the Spanish-American War?
1. Puerto Rico became a U.S. territory
2. U.S. Navy ships were sunk in the harbor of Santiago de Cuba and Cuba gained complete independence
3. Emilio Aguinaldo became President of the Philippines
4. Spain gained complete control of Guam
Which of the following is one effect of the Spanish-American War?
1. The Philippines became a U.S. commonwealth
2. The United States became a world power
3. Spain managed to gain complete control of Cuba
4. The Rough Riders met their demise
The United States purchased Alaska from _____.
1. Russia
2. Canada
3. China
4. Newfoundland
The United States paid _____ for Alaska.
1. $1
2. $7.2 million
3. 36 cents per acre
4. $6 billion
Prior to the 1850s the foreign policy of Japan was _____.
1. to negotiate with all neighboring territories to maintain independence, or to conquer those territories if necessary
2. to try to expand Japanese territory all over the world
3. to negotiate only with communist countries
4. to remain isolated
Prior to the 1850s Japan chose to isolate themselves _____.
1. because they did not like the way their neighbors handled foreign affairs
2. to keep their religion pure
3. to stay out of expensive battles and wars
4. to avoid changes to their culture
The planters rebelled against Queen Liliuokalani because _____.
1. she imposed unreasonable tariffs on them
2. she limited how much Hawaiian land could be used for farming
3. she was trying to limit their power
4. she took control of many farms
Areas in China where Europe and Japan had control of much of the trade and natural resources in the 1800s is known as _____.
1. communist China
2. the manifest destiny
3. separation of powers
4. spheres of influence
_____ commanded the first U.S. volunteer cavalry regiment.
1. Theodore Roosevelt
2. Emilio Aguinaldo
3. John Hay
4. Millard Fillmore
The nickname of the first U.S. volunteer cavalry was the _____.
1. "Battle Brigade"
2. "Equestrian Elite"
3. "Rough Riders"
4. "Sharp Shooters"
_____ was the leader who fought for Filipino independence from Spain and the United States.
1. Mario Cuomo
2. Corazon Aquino
3. Ferdinand Marcos
4. Emilio Aguinaldo
Panama was a province of _____.
1. Colombia
2. Costa Rica
3. Guatemala
4. Honduras
The first country to own rights to build a canal in Panama was _____.
1. France
2. Spain
3. the United States
4. Colombia
_____ means to add on territory.
1. Merge
2. Ammend
3. Annex
4. Append
_____ was the Secretary of State who signed the Panama Canal Zone Treaty acquiring it for the U.S.
1. George Dewey
2. John Hay
3. William Seward
4. Matthew Perry
Woodrow Wilson wanted to bring democracy to Latin America through what policy?
1. Moral Diplomacy
2. Open Door Policy
3. Wilson Doctrine
4. Expansionism
Cuba is indicated by the letter _____ on the map below.
1. D
2. C
3. F
4. G
Which of the following is one cause of the Spanish-American War?
1. America wanted to be independent from Spain
2. Colombia wanted to be independent from Spain
3. Cuba wanted to be independent from Spain
4. Panama wanted to be independent from Spain
How did the U.S. minister to Hawaii, John L. Stevens, react to the planters' revolt against Queen Liliuokalani?
1. He called in U.S. Marines to support the planters' revolt.
2. He assisted Queen Liliuokalani in suppressing the revolt.
3. He sent in U.S. Marines to fight against the planters.
4. He left Hawaii.
The nickname for the purchase of Alaska was _____.
1. Seward's Folly
2. Seward's Scramble
3. Seward's Fast One
4. Seward's Snap
Why was the purchase of Alaska known as Seward's Folly?
1. Because most American's believed Seward had made the real estate deal of the century.
2. Because the purchase of Alaska was purchased at of cost of only two cents per acre.
3. Because most Americans believed the land was icy, barren, mountainous, and basically worthless.
4. Because of the happy dance Seward did after closing the deal.
How did Commodore Perry manage to open up trade with Japan?
1. He was a cunning diplomat, and encouraged the Japanese government to allow trade after several meetings.
2. He threatened Japanese leaders. They wanted to avoid a war, so they gave in.
3. He didn't manage to open up trade with Japan. They were dead set against it.
4. He impressed the Japanese with our modern sea power.
What did the United States do to Hawaii in 1898?
1. The U.S. took seige of Pearl Harbor.
2. The U.S. annexed it.
3. The U.S. overthrew Queen Liliuokalani.
4. The U.S. boycotted trade with Hawaii.
As a result of the Boxer Rebellion in China _____.
1. trade with China stopped
2. the Boxers took over rule of the Chinese government
3. China became a U.S. territory
4. the armies of foreign powers joined forces to put down the rebellion
The Battles of El Caney and San Juan Hill took place in ____.
1. Cuba
2. Honduras
3. the Philippines
4. the Dominican Republic
The Filipinos felt betrayed after the Spanish-American War because _____.
1. they had expected the United States to give them their independence
2. they had expected Spain to give them their independence
3. they felt the fight between Spain and the United States had destroyed valuable farm land
4. the United States took complete control of the Philippines after the war
Which of the following was NOT a problem the United States had in building the Panama Canal?
1. disease caused by mosquitoes
2. tough terrain
3. supply issues
4. ongoing resistance from the Panamanians
_____ is the practice of building an empire by founding colonies or conquering other countries.
1. Imperialism
2. Capitalism
3. Communism
4. Invasionism
_____ gave the United States the right to intervene in Latin America to preserve law and order.
1. The Roosevelt Corollary
2. Martial Law
3. Manifest Destiny
4. The Monroe Doctrine
_____ was a Mexican rebel leader who raided the town of Columbus, New Mexico. This cause the United States to send troops into Mexico to chase him down.
1. Francisco "Pancho" Villa
2. José Herrera
3. Don Quixote
4. Al Capone
The letter _____ identifies the Philippines on the map below.
1. G
2. N
3. O
4. P
Some people referred to the Alaskan purchase as "Seward's Folly" because they didn't think the land had much value. Why was this opinion wrong?
1. Gold was discovered there in 1896 and oil was discovered in 1968.
2. Rich uranium mines were discovered there in 1902.
3. There was an abundance of seafood found off its shores like no one had ever seen before.
4. It proved to be an incredible source of leather because of the wildlife found there.
The American President who sent Commodore Perry and his warships to Japan was _____.
1. James Madison
2. Theodore Roosevelt
3. Millard Fillmore
4. William McKinley
The President of the United States at the time of the Hawaiian Revolution was _____.
1. Grover Cleveland
2. Millard Fillmore
3. Theodore Roosevelt
4. Queen Liliuokalani
How did Grover Cleveland feel about the U.S. involvement in the Hawaiian Revolution?
1. He felt it was wrong and would not annex the islands.
2. He felt the U.S. was justified in its actions and gladly annexed the islands.
3. He felt it was necessary for the U.S. to show its strength as a world power.
4. He was indifferent, and didn't get involved.
_____ was the American General who was sent into Mexico to chase Pancho Villa. He was unsuccessful.
1. John Pershing
2. Douglas MacArthur
3. John Hay
4. Theodore Roosevelt
_____ wrote the Open Door Policy.
1. John Hay
2. John Pershing
3. Theodore Roosevelt
4. Alfred Thayer Mahan
The intent of the Open Door Policy was to _____.
1. encourage people of all nationalities to come to the United States
2. get Japan and Europe to open up their spheres of influence to trade
3. encourage Canada and Mexico to open up their trade with the U.S.
4. invite Puerto Ricans and Filipinos to join the American armed forces
Which of the following was NOT a term of the 1898 Treaty of Paris?
1. Cuba was to gain independence from Spain
2. Guam and Puerto Rico were to become U.S. territories
3. The U.S. paid $20 million for the Philippines
4. Hawaii became a state
Which of the following describes how the U.S. acquired the Panama Canal Zone?
1. The U.S. supported the Panamanian Revolution against Spain, and Panama leased the area to the U.S.
2. The U.S. supported the Panamanian Revolution against Colombia, and Panama leased the area to the U.S.
3. The U.S. Navy invaded Panama. Seeing the might of the U.S. Panama agreed to give up their rights to the Panama Canal Zone in turn for U.S. military departure from the country.
4. The U.S. paid $20 million for a 100 year lease to the region.
What did Theodore Roosevelt mean with his foreign policy of "Speak softly but carry a big stick."?
1. Back up what you say with power.
2. Diplomacy is more important than might.
3. Make other countries listen any way you can.
4. A strong military is the best foreign policy.
The Naval officer who believed the future prosperity of the U.S. depended on trade and sea power was _____.
1. Commodore Matthew Perry
2. General Douglas MacArthur
3. Sergeant Homer Simpson
4. Alfred Thayer Mahan
Puerto Rico is identified with the letter _____ on the map below.
1. A
2. B
3. F
4. I
In 1823, the _____ warned European nations not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere.
1. Monroe Doctrine
2. Roosevelt Corollary
3. Articles of Confederation
4. Moral Diplomacy
President Taft thought _____ was the best way to expand economic ties with Latin America.
1. an open door policy
2. using subsidies
3. dollar diplomacy
4. moral diplomacy
The _____ stated that the United States could intervene in Latin America to preserve law and order.
1. Anti-Imperialist League
2. Platt Amendment
3. Monroe Doctrine
4. Roosevelt Corollary
The idea of _____ was the U.S. had an obligation to promote democracy in Latin America.
1. moral diplomacy
2. dollar diplomacy
3. open door policy
4. manifest destiny
A(n) _____ was a bonus payment to do or not to do something.
1. subsidy
2. bribe
3. platt
4. allowance
Prior to the 1850s, Japan followed a policy of _____ when dealing with the rest of the world.
1. retaliation
2. isolation
3. negotiation
4. confrontation
In China, a _____ was an area, often around a seaport, where a nation had special trading privileges.
1. gulf
2. bribe zone
3. colony
4. sphere of influence
A product of Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan's teaching was the _____.
1. Monroe Doctrine
2. Great White Fleet
3. Roosevelt Corollary
4. Declaration of Independence
Between 1870 and 1914, many nations practiced _____ in Asia and Africa.
1. imperialism
2. isolationism
3. communism
4. martial law
In the 1800s, the United States _____ Hawaii.
1. addressed
2. sunk
3. assessed
4. annexed
____ led American troops into Mexico in 1916.
1. John Pershing
2. George Dewey
3. Alfred Thayer Mahan
4. Matthew Perry
_____ opened Japan to trade with the United States.
1. Matthew Perry
2. Theodore Roosevelt
3. George Dewey
4. John Pershing
_____ argued that the future prosperity of the U.S. depended on trade and naval power.
1. Alfred Thayer Mahan
2. Matthew Perry
3. George Dewey
4. John Pershing
_____ commanded the American fleet in Manila Bay on May 1, 1898.
1. George Dewey
2. Theodore Roosevelt
3. John Pershing
4. Matthew Perry
_____ led a volunteer cavalry unit in Cuba during the Spanish-American War.
1. Theodore Roosevelt
2. John Hay
3. Howard Taft
4. William McKinley
_____ raided Columbus, New Mexico in 1916.
1. Pancho Villa
2. Emilio Aguinaldo
3. Guillermo Sewardo
4. Juan Hay
_____ fought for Philippine independence from both Spain and the United States.
1. Pancho Villa
2. Emilio Aguinaldo
3. Corazon Aquino
4. Ferdinand Marcos
_____ tried to preserve the independence of Hawaii.
1. Don Ho
2. John Pershing
3. Panco Villa
4. Liliuokalani
_____ bought Alaska from the Russians for $7.2 million.
1. Elmer Seward
2. Theodore Roosevelt
3. William Seward
4. John Hay
_____ wrote the Open Door Policy.
1. John Pershing
2. John Lewis
3. John McDonald
4. John Hay
The Battle of Manila resulted in _____.
1. the sinking of the U.S.S. Maine
2. the opening of China to U.S. trade
3. negotiations between Commodore Perry and the Japanese government
4. the swift destruction of the Spanish fleet by the American forces under Commodore Dewey
Which of the following are NOT causes for the U.S. overseas expansion at the turn of the century?
I. U.S. builds the Panama Canal II. Western frontier closes III. need for raw materials and new markets IV. U.S. gains lands in the Pacific
1. I and II only
2. III and IV only
3. II and III only
4. I and IV only
Which of the following lands did the U.S. gain as a result of the Spanish-American War?
I. Alaska II. Hawai III. Puerto Rico IV. Philippines
1. I and II only
2. III and IV only
3. I, II, and IV only
4. II, III, and IV only
Which of the following news reports would be an example of yellow journalism?
1. "Cubans have again shown their desire for freedom by this new rebellion against Spain."
2. "In response to the revolt, Spain sent a tough new governor, General Valeriano, to Cuba."
3. In a brutal exercise of power, General Weyler has rounded up hundreds of thousands of Cubans and imprisoned them in filthy, disease-ridden detention camps."
4. "'Butcher' Weyler has left Cuba awash in blood, blood on the roadsides, blood in the fields, blood on the doorsteps, everywhere blood."
Which of the following groups would have supported the Open Door Policy?
1. American expansionists
2. Boxers
3. isolationists in Congress
4. Chinese workers in Hawaii
The leaders of the Boxer Rebellion wanted to _____.
1. establish an American sphere of influence
2. drive all foreigners out of China
3. set up a democratic form of government in Hawaii
4. restore Queen Liliuokalani to the throne of Hawaii
Which statement is TRUE about the U.S. policy toward Latin America in the early 1900s?
1. The U.S. used troops when necessary to pursue its goals there.
2. The U.S. followed a "hands-off" policy toward Latin America.
3. The U.S. wanted to acquire as many colonies as possible there.
4. The U.S. followed a policy of isolation in Latin America.
The nickname for the unit Theodore Roosevelt led during the Spanish-American War was the _____.
1. "Rough Riders"
2. "Rowdy Rascals"
3. "Crazy Cavalry"
4. "Pony Express"
The point of the Open Door Policy was _____.
1. to make sure American could trade with China
2. keep Europeans and Japanese from trading with China
3. to make it easy for foreigners to come to the U.S.
4. to allow Cubans to trade freely with the U.S.
_____ was the Dowager Empress of China who supported the Boxers in their rebellion.
1. Tsu Hsi
2. Tsi Tsi
3. Mai Tai
4. Mao Tse Tung
A group of veterans called the _____ marched on Washington in 1932.
1. Bonus Army
2. Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW)
3. Foreign Legion
4. Blue Angels
FDR's _____ promoted economic recovery.
1. "Power to the People"
2. "New Deal"
3. "Back to Normalcy"
4. "Peace and Prosperity"
Many of FDR's programs were passed during a time known as the _____.
1. Bolshevik Revolution
2. Congressional Session
3. Hundred Days
4. Democratic Convention
The _____ were experts on economic issues who advised FDR.
1. Securities and Exchange Commission
2. Brain Trust
3. Hoovervilles
4. Ohio Gang
During the depression, many homeless people lived in shack villages called ____.
1. the ghetto
2. slums
3. Shanty Town
4. Hoovervilles
_____ was a member of the Black Cabinet.
1. George Washington Carver
2. Mary McLeod Bethune
3. John Maynard Keynes
4. Frances Perkins
_____ was an economist who stated that government-sponsored employment would end economic depression.
1. Will Rogers
2. Albert Fall
3. John Maynard Keynes
4. Charles Forbes
_____ was known as the "eyes and ears" of FDR.
1. Eleanor Roosevelt
2. Albert Fall
3. Alfred M. Landon
4. Cordell Hull
_____ was a humorist from Oklahoma who helped support FDR's New Deal programs.
1. Mark Twain
2. Christopher Buckley
3. Will Rogers
4. Erma Bombeck
_____ was the first woman Cabinet member.
1. Frances Perkins
2. Sandra Day O'Connor
3. Jeannette Rankin
4. Rebecca Felton
The _____ enforced codes that regulated wages, prices, and working conditions. (A New Deal Program)
1. Wagner Act
2. Works Progress Administration
3. National Recovery Administration
4. Securities and Exchange Commission
The _____ was also known as the National Labor Relations Act. (A New Deal Program)
1. Smoot Hawley Act
2. Rogers Act
3. Fair Labor Standards Act
4. Wagner Act
The _____ provided jobs for young men to plant trees, build bridges, and parks. (A New Deal Program)
1. Tennessee Valley Authority
2. Civilian Conservation Corps
3. Peace Corps
4. Welfare Administration
The _____ provided cheap electricity to seven southern states. (A New Deal Program)
1. Civilian Conservation Corps
2. Securities and Exchange Commission
3. Tennessee Valley Authority
4. National Recovery Administration
The _____ provided pensions for the elderly, unemployed, and people with disabilities. (A New Deal Program)
1. Smoot-Hawley Tariff
2. Welfare Administration
3. Civilian Conservation Corps
4. Social Security Act
Which group of people faced hard economic times even before the Great Depression began as a result of poor planning?
1. farmers
2. consumers
3. bankers
4. investors
The stock market crash hurt many Americans because _____.
1. they had to wait in line for food
2. the price of farm goods fell
3. prices of stock rose
4. their stocks became worthless
An immediate effect of the Great Depression was the _____.
1. closing of many banks
2. beginning of the New Deal
3. Dust Bowl
4. creation of the Brain Trust
The Bonus Army was made up of _____.
1. retired people who wanted a bonus retirement plan
2. labor union members who wanted a special holiday
3. World War I veterans who demanded a promised bonus ahead of schedule
4. business leaders who wanted a bonus for keeping workers employed
The following quotation refers to the _____.
"The phrase, as Roosevelt described it, meant that the forgotten man, the little man, the man nobody knew much about, was going to be dealt better cards to play with."
1. Bonus Army
2. Brain Trust
3. New Freedom
4. New Deal
Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched with its description?
1. Brain Trust - provided jobs for young Americans
2. Tennessee Valley Authority - built dams
3. National Industrial Recovery Act - set up codes for wages, prices, and working conditions
4. Social Security Act - set up a system of pensions for the elderly
The Wagner Act provided a boost to _____.
1. farmers
2. big business
3. organized labor
4. retired people
During the depression, many Americans found escape from hard times by _____.
1. writing novels
2. eating in soup kitchens
3. visiting Hoovervilles
4. going to the movies
Black Tuesday refers to the day when the _____.
1. Dust Bowl began
2. stock market crashed
3. banks were all closed
4. Bonus Army was broken up
Franklin Roosevelt defeated Herbert Hoover in 1932 mainly because of _____.
1. Hoover's foreign policy
2. scandals in Hoover's cabinet
3. hopes that Roosevelt would improve working conditions
4. economic hard times
In 1933, Roosevelt declared a "bank holiday" because _____.
1. bank workers had worked almost constantly during the depression
2. many banks were in trouble and in danger of failing
3. he felt that the government should run the banking industry
4. he believed that most bank presidents had voted for Hoover
"Our greatest primary task is to put people to work. It can be accomplished by treating the task as we would treat the emergency of war."
In this quotation, FDR suggests _____.
1. World War I caused unemployment
2. the Bonus Army would provide jobs for the unemployed
3. unemployment is a national emergency like war
4. unemployment was not a concern of the government
Huey Long, Francis Townsend, and Father Coughlin each _____.
1. wanted to help black Americans
2. felt the government should stay out of the economy
3. criticized Roosevelt for not doing enough to help people
4. worked for labor reform
In order to support his New Deal, Roosevelt wanted to change the Supreme Court by _____.
1. having the Justices elected instead of appointed
2. raising the number of Justices from 9 to 15
3. choosing women and blacks to serve as Justices
4. reducing the number of cases the Court could hear
Is this statement a "Cause" or an "Effect" of the New Deal?:

FDR becomes President.
1. Cause
2. Effect
Is this statement a "Cause" or an "Effect" of the New Deal?:

The role of the government in the economy increases.
1. Cause
2. Effect
Is this statement a "Cause" or an "Effect" of the New Deal?:

Hoovervilles are spread around the nation.
1. Cause
2. Effect
Is this statement a "Cause" or an "Effect" of the New Deal?:

Social Security and savings insurance continue to the present.
1. Cause
2. Effect
Is this statement a "Cause" or an "Effect" of the New Deal?:

Businesses go bankrupt.
1. Cause
2. Effect
The tariff that helped make the depression become international was _____.
1. Smoot-Hawley Tariff
2. Income Tax
3. Property Tax
4. Customs Tariff
The stock market crashed on _____.
1. October 30, 1930
2. November 1, 1933
3. October 29, 1929
4. November 12, 1940
A special session of Congress in 1933 in which the bulk of the New Deal programs were passes is known as the _____.
1. Hundred Days
2. Secret Session
3. Teapot Dome Scandal
4. laissez faire
The _____ was a group of African Americans who were appointed to significant positions by FDR.
1. Black Cabinet
2. NAACP
3. National Action Council for Minorities
4. Congressional Black Caucus
The _____ was a relief organization that provided federal funds to states for relief to the needy.
1. Social Security Administration
2. Welfare Organization
3. Federal Emergency Relief Administration
4. Civilian Conservation Corps
The _____ was a relief project that employed young men on environmental public works projects.
1. Tennessee Valley Authority
2. National Recovery Corps
3. National Guard
4. Civilian Conservation Corps
The _____ was a recovery act that paid farmers to grow fewer crops or later to voluntarily limit crop production.
1. Agricultural Adjustment Act
2. Food and Drug Administration
3. Farmers Relief Act
4. National Agricultural Recovery Act
The _____ was established to build dams and power plants to a region covering seven southern states.
1. Civilian Conservation Corps
2. Hooverville Association
3. Tennessee Valley Authority
4. National Labor Relations Board
The _____ was established to insure deposits on individual savings accounts.
1. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
2. National Bank Recovery Organization
3. Securities and Exchange Commission
4. Mortgage Relief Corporation
The _____ was a recovery law that sought to suspend antitrust laws, eliminate unfair competition, and prevent business failures.
1. Occupational Safety and Health Act
2. Anti-Monopoly Act
3. National Industrial Recovery Act
4. National Labor Relations Act
The _____ was a recovery organization that regulated industry, wages, and prices.
1. National Labor Relations Organization
2. National Recovery Administration
3. Social Security Administration
4. Securities and Exchange Commission
The _____ was a reform organization set up to regulate the securities market.
1. Stock Exchange
2. Works Progress Administration
3. Social Security Act
4. Securities and Exchange Commission
The _____ was a relief organization that created jobs in public works, research, and the arts.
1. Civilian Conservation Corps
2. Works Progress Administration
3. National Labor Relations Act
4. Tennessee Valley Authority
The _____ was a recovery organization that provided electricity to rural areas lacking public utilities.
1. Rural Electrification Administration
2. Tennessee Valley Authority
3. National Labor Relations Act
4. Civilian Conservation Corps
The _____ was a reform law that provided unemployment and retirement pensions.
1. Retirement Relief Administration
2. Welfare Act
3. National Labor Relations Act
4. Social Security Act
The _____, nicknamed the Wagner Act, recognized laborers right to collective bargaining.
1. National Recovery Administration
2. National Industrial Recovery Act
3. National Labor Relations Act
4. Federal Deposit Insurance Act
_____ was a critic of the New Deal. He was the "kingfish" of Louisiana who created the "Share Our Wealth" program.
1. Huey Long
2. Charles Coughlin
3. Francis Townsend
4. Al Smith
_____ was a critic of the New Deal. He was the "Radio Priest" who blamed bankers, rich investors, and the Jews for the Depression.
1. Father Charles Coughlin
2. Father Huey Long
3. Father Francis Townsend
4. Father Al Smith
_____ was a critic of the New Deal. He wanted the government to give elderly people a pension.
1. Dr. Francis Townsend
2. Dr. Charles Coughlin
3. Dr. Al Smith
4. Dr. Huey Long
The _____ was a set of laws and codes that authorized the President to regulate businesses in the interests of promoting "fair" competition, supporting prices and wages, creating jobs for unemployed workers, and stimulating the United States economy to recover from the Great Depression.
1. National Recovery Administration
2. National Labor Relations Act
3. National Industrial Recovery Act
4. National Insurance Recovery Act
_____ was a photographer who exposed the problems of the poor and city slums.
1. Jacob Riis
2. Ira Tarbell
3. Thomas Nast
4. Lewis Hine
The journalist who exposed the unfair labor practices of the Standard Oil Trust was _____.
1. Jacob Riis
2. Nellie Bly
3. Lincoln Steffens
4. Ida Tarbell
_____ wrote the novel The Jungle which exposed the unsanitary conditions of the meatpacking industry.
1. Lincoln Steffens
2. Upton Sinclair
3. Lewis Hine
4. Florence Kelley
The artist whose political cartoons exposed the corruption of New York City boss William Marcy Tweed was _____.
1. Thomas Nast
2. John Muir
3. Lincoln Steffens
4. Lewis Hine
The photographer who exposed the problems of child labor and immigrant life was _____.
1. Jacob Riis
2. Ida Tarbell
3. Lewis Hine
4. John Muir
_____ exposed corrupt city governments in his book, The Shame of the Cities.
1. Lincoln Steffens
2. Upton Sinclair
3. Lewis Carroll
4. Francis Willard
Who got admitted to an insane asylum to expose the poor conditions faced by the mentally ill?
1. Ida Tarbell
2. Nellie Bly
3. Carry Nation
4. Alice Paul
Crusading journalists who made people more aware of the problems in society were known as _____.
1. Prohibitionists
2. Crusaders
3. Inspectors
4. Muckrakers
A _______ was a forward-thinking person who wanted to make American society better.
1. Progressive
2. Procrastinator
3. Protagonist
4. Proponent
The _____ helped end the spoils system by giving government jobs based on merit rather than who you knew.
1. Federal Reserve Act
2. Sherman Antitrust Act
3. Pendleton Civil Service Act
4. Meat Inspection Act of 1906
_____ allows citizens to introduce a bill for the state legislature to vote on to make a law.
1. Initiative
2. Referendum
3. Recall
4. Direct primary
_____ gave voters the power to make a bill become a law.
1. Initiative
2. The Federal Reserve Act
3. The 17th Amendment
4. Referendum
_____ allows voters to remove a public official from office for wrongdoing.
1. Impeachment
2. Recall
3. Referendum
4. Suffrage
_____ allows voters to choose their party's candidate for an elected office.
1. Initiative
2. Suffrage
3. Direct primary
4. Referendum
The _____ was a series of Progressive reforms.
1. Pendleton Civil Service Act
2. Wisconsin Idea
3. Federal Reserve Act
4. NAACP
Governor of Wisconsin who helped create the Wisconsin Idea was _____.
1. Lincoln Steffens
2. Robert La Follette
3. Upton Sinclair
4. John Muir
The _____ was federal law that required inspections of meatpacking plants.
1. Meat Inspection Act of 1906
2. Meat Inspection Act of 1909
3. Meatpacking Act of 1906
4. Meatlovers Act of 1909
The _____ was federal law that banned the manufacture, sale, or transportation of mislabeled or contaminated food and drugs.
1. Pure Food and Drug Act of 1919
2. Food and Drug Administration of 1906
3. Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
4. Sherman Antitrust Act
The law that made it illegal to create monopolies or trusts that restrained trade was the _____.
1. Federal Reserve Act
2. Sherman Antitrust Act
3. Anti-Monopoly Act
4. 19th Amendment
The act that created a national banking system that regulated the economy and the nation's banks was the _____.
1. Sherman Antitrust Act
2. Federal Trade Commission
3. 16th Amendment
4. Federal Reserve Act
The federal organization set up to investigate and punish unfair business practices was the _____.
1. Federal Trade Commission
2. National American Women's Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
3. Pendleton Civil Service Commission
4. Federal Reserve Commission
The _____ created the income tax to help support progressive reforms.
1. 17th Amendment
2. 18th Amendment
3. 16th Amendment
4. 19th Amendment
The _____ allows citizens to directly elect their U.S. Senators.
1. 16th Amendment
2. 18th Amendment
3. 17th Amendment
4. 19th Amendment
The _____ is the Prohibition Amendment which outlawed the manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcoholic beverages in the United States.
1. 18th Amendment
2. 16th Amendment
3. 17th Amendment
4. 19th Amendment
The _____ was nicknamed the Susan B. Anthony Amendment because it gave women the right to vote (suffrage).
1. 19th Amendment
2. 16th Amendment
3. 17th Amendment
4. 18th Amendment
The _____ was the organization that fought to get women the right to vote.
1. National Ladies' Association (NWA)
2. Women's Rights Movement (WRM)
3. National American Women's Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
4. Susan B. Anthony Association
The _____ was the organization that picketed the White House and used civil disobedience to gain women suffrage
1. National Woman's Party (NWP)
2. National American Women's Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
3. Women's Rights Movement (WRM)
4. American Woman's Party (AWP)
_____ was the leader of the National American Women's Suffrage Association (NAWSA) when the 19th Amendment was passed.
1. Susan B. Anthony
2. Carry Nation
3. Carrie Chapman Catt
4. Ida Tarbell
_____ was an early suffrage leader who helped found the National American Women's Suffrage Association (NAWSA).
1. Florence Kelley
2. Carry Nation
3. Ida Tarbell
4. Susan B. Anthony
____ was the founder of the National Woman's Party (NWP) who went on a hunger strike in jail to gain attention for the women's suffrage movement.
1. Carrie Chapman Catt
2. Susan B. Anthony
3. Florence Kelley
4. Alice Paul
The _____ was the organization that fought to get Prohibition passed and taught about the problems of alcoholism.
1. American Woman's Party (AWP)
2. National American Women's Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
3. Women's Catholic Temperance Union (WCTU)
4. Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
An effective leader of the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) was _____.
1. Alice Paul
2. Florence Kelley
3. Frances Willard
4. Carry Nation
The Temperance leader who stormed into saloons with a hatchet, smashing liquor bottles and glasses was _____.
1. Molly Hatchet
2. Carry Nation
3. Frances Willard
4. Florence Kelley
The organization founded by Lincoln Steffens, Jane Addams, W.E.B. DuBois, and others which fights against discrimination is the _____.
1. Black Panthers (BP)
2. Civil Rights Organization (CRO)
3. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
4. Emancipation Association for the Rights of Colored People (EARCP)
The founder of the NAACP who believed that African Americans should immediately have full political and social rights was _____.
1. Booker T. Washington
2. W.E.B. DuBois
3. John Muir
4. Frances Willard
The founder of the Tuskegee Institute who believed that racial harmony and hard work would lead to equality for African Americans was _____.
1. Martin Luther King, Jr.
2. W.E.B. DuBois
3. Booker T. Washington
4. John Muir
The organization that worked to help southern blacks make the transition into northern cities was the _____.
1. National Urban League
2. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
3. Women's Christian Temperance Union
4. Federal Trade League
The preservationist who believed that conservation of natural resources was more important than public interests was _____.
1. Booker T. Washington
2. John Muir
3. Florence Kelley
4. W.E.B. DuBois
_____ was a member of the Hull House who fought against the use of child labor.
1. Frances Willard
2. Carrie Chapman Catt
3. Florence Kelley
4. Alice Paul
Progressive Republican President who was known as "trustbuster" for breaking up some trusts. He also supported the Meat Inspection and Pure Food and Drug Acts. He helped settle a coal miners' strike by supporting labor over management and through this created the "Square Deal" for all Americans. He was also a conservationist who doubled the number of national parks and preserved 150 million acres of forest.
1. William Howard Taft
2. Theodore Roosevelt
3. Woodrow Wilson
4. Booker T. Washington
Progressive Republican President who started many antitrust lawsuits and placed additional land in government reserves. Friendship with TR was broken over a tariff and a controversy over conservation.
1. Woodrow Wilson
2. Theodore Roosevelt
3. Franklin D. Roosevelt
4. William Howard Taft
Progressive Democratic President who lowered the tariff and made laws against monopolies stronger. He also created the Federal Reserve to regulate banking and the Federal Trade Commission to investigate and punish unfair business practices. Economic programs were called "New Freedom".
1. Woodrow Wilson
2. Theodore Roosevelt
3. Franklin D. Roosevelt
4. William Howard Taft
_____ is the belief that a specific nation, language, or culture is superior to others.
1. Superiorism
2. Militarism
3. Nationalism
4. Socialism
_____ is a policy of aggressive military preparedness.
1. Militarism
2. Marxism
3. Socialism
4. Communism
_____ is a situation in which the strength of rival alliances or nations is nearly equal.
1. An armistice
2. Fairness
3. Stalemate
4. Balance of power
To _____ is to prepare a military force for war.
1. reparate
2. mobilize
3. disarm
4. pacify
The World War I military strategy of defending a position by fighting from the protection of deep ditches was known as _____.
1. self-determination
2. propaganda
3. digging deep/staying low
4. trench warfare
The strip of land between the trenches of opposing armies along the western front during World War I was known as _____.
1. no-man's land
2. neutral territory
3. the gray zone
4. sedition
A(n) _____ is a situation in which neither side of a conflict can win a decisive victory.
1. tie
2. draw
3. stalemate
4. armistice
A(n) ______ is a truce between warring groups or countries.
1. armistice
2. propaganda
3. stalemate
4. reparation
_____ is the right of people to decide their own political status.
1. Communism
2. Self-determination
3. Socialism
4. Instant-gratification
_____ are payments for damages and expenses brought on by war.
1. Tolls
2. Remittances
3. Propositions
4. Reparations
The counterattack launched by French troops to prevent the Germans from capturing Paris was the _____.
1. First Battle of the Marne (September 1914)
2. Battle of Verdun (February 1916)
3. Battle of the Somme (July 1916)
4. Battle of Belleau Wood (June 1918)
The longest battle of World War I which lasted over 10 months fought around this city or fortress was the _____.
1. Battle of Verdun (February 1916)
2. First Battle of Marne (September 1914)
3. Second Battle of Marne (July 1918)
4. Battle of the Argonne Forest (September 1918)
The _____ was one of the bloodiest battles of World War I. It was fought by the British, French, and Germans. Over 20,000 men died on the first day of fighting alone.
1. Battle of Verdun (February 1916)
2. Battle of Belleau Wood (June 1918)
3. Battle of Argone Forest (September 1918)
4. Battle of the Somme (July 1916)
The _______ was the first major battle in which U.S. troops were involved. They joined with the French and stopped a German advance.
1. Battle of Belleau Wood
2. Battle of the Marne
3. Battle of Chateau Thierry
4. Battle of the Somme
In the _____ U.S. Marines stopped a German attack in a forest in northern France.
1. Battle of the Argonne Forest
2. Battle of Belleau Wood
3. Battle of Chateau Forest
4. Battle of the Somme
The last major offensive of World War I by the Germans was the _____.
1. First Battle of the Marne
2. Second Battle of the Marne
3. Battle of Appomattox Courthouse
4. Battle on the Rhine
The _____ was a hard fought battle where both German and American troops suffered more than 100,000 casualties. American forces broke through the German lines forcing them to retreat.
1. Battle of the Somme
2. Battle of Chateau Thierry
3. Second Battle of the Marne
4. Battle of the Argonne Forest
The _____ was an agency created by President Woodrow Wilson in 1917 to increase public support for the war.
1. War Industries Board
2. National War Labor Board
3. Committee on Public Information
4. Agency of Political Reform
_____ was the head of the Committee on Public Information who began a nationwide publicity campaign to persuade Americans to support the war.
1. Justin Grabowski
2. Woodrow Wilson
3. Bernard Baruch
4. George Creel
The _____ enacted laws punishing people for aiding the enemy or refusing military duty during World War I.
1. War Traitor Act
2. Espionage Act of 1917
3. Selective Service Act
4. Sedition Act of 1918
The _____ was a law passed in 1918 during World War I which made it illegal for Americans to speak disloyally about the U.S. government, Constitution, or flag.
1. Anti-Traitor Act
2. Espionage Act
3. Selective Service Act
4. Sedition Act
The _____ was a law enacted in 1917 requiring men between the ages of 21 and 30 to register for the draft into the armed forces.
1. Military Preparedness Act
2. Selective Service Act
3. Sedition Act
4. Espionage Act
The _____ was a World War I agency created by President Wilson to oversee the production and distribution of good's manufactured by the war industries.
1. National Distribution Board
2. Wartime Information Board
3. National War Labor Board
4. War Industries Board
The head of the War Industries Board during World War I was _____.
1. Bernard Baruch
2. George Creel
3. Woodrow Wilson
4. John Pershing
The _____ was an agency created by President Wilson in 1918 to settle disputes between workers and management.
1. National War Labor Board
2. National Labor Negotiations Board
3. National Compromise Board
4. National "Get Over It" Board
_____ is a belief that a specific nation, language, or culture is superior to all others.
1. Buddhism
2. Imperialism
3. Nationalism
4. Colonialism
After World War I, many ethnic groups in Europe wanted _____ or the right to decide their own political status.
1. individualism
2. sole-discretion
3. self-determination
4. independence
An example of _____ is when Britain and Germany competed to build a larger navy.
1. balance of power
2. militarism
3. a stalemate
4. reparations
A _____ was an area between the trenches filled with mud, shell holes, and crossed barbed wire.
1. no-man's land
2. stalemate
3. dead man's land
4. time-out zone
Russia _____ for war when Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.
1. mobilized
2. lobbied
3. negotiated
4. stalemated
The alliance system tried to create a(n) _____ in Europe prior to World War I.
1. trench
2. armistice
3. stalemate
4. balance of power
Trench warfare created a(n) ______ in France for most of the war.
1. no-man's land
2. balance of power
3. alliance
4. stalemate
Germany was forced to pay _____ after World War I.
1. remittances
2. reparations
3. installments
4. loans
The warring countries agreed to stop fighting or declared a(n) _____ on November 11, 1918.
1. amnesty
2. amendment
3. anarchy
4. armistice
Soon after the war started, both sides dug-in and this resulted in the use of _____ for the rest of the war in France.
1. depression
2. trench warfare
3. cleats
4. rations
Russian _____ sent troops to help Serbia fight against Austria-Hungary.
1. Czar Nicholas II
2. Kaiser Wilhelm II
3. Franz Ferdinand
4. Arthur Zimmermann
The German Commander-in-Chief during World War I was _____.
1. Paul von Hindenburg
2. Prince Wilhelm
3. Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg
4. Kaiser Wilhelm II
Germany's fleet of _____, or submarines, was the world's largest and most advanced and caused heavy losses to Allied shipping during World War I.
1. john boats
2. submersive vessels
3. U-boats
4. divers
By late 1914 the war on the western front had become a _____, a situation in which neither side can win a clear victory.
1. stalemate
2. draw
3. tie
4. canundrum
In May 1915 a U-boat sank the British passenger liner _____ off the coast of Ireland. The U.S. and President Wilson were outraged.
1. Lusitania
2. Sussex
3. Titanic
4. Searay
After a German U-boat sunk a French passenger ship President Wilson threatened to end diplomatic relations with Germany. Germany then issued the _____, which included a promise not to sink merchant vessels "without warning and without saving human lives."
1. Essex Pledge
2. Lemon Pledge
3. Zimmerman Pledge
4. Sussex Pledge
In a German telegram foreign secretary _____ proposed an alliance between Germany and Mexico against the United States.
1. Franz Ferdinand
2. Nicholas II
3. Arthur Zimmermann
4. Kaiser Wilhelm II
The _____ was one of the reasons President Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany.
1. Zimmermann Note
2. Sussex Pledge
3. Sedition Act
4. Battle of the Marne
_____, the head of the Committee on Public Information used rallies, parades, posters, and pamphlets to persuade Americans to support the war effort.
1. Palmer E. Pierce
2. Douglas Fairbanks
3. George Creel
4. Bernard Baruch
The _____ punished people for aiding the enemy or refusing military duty.
1. Sedition Act
2. Selective Service Act
3. Espionage Act
4. National War Act
The _____ outlawed actions against the U.S. government.
1. Espionage Act
2. Sedition Act
3. Traitor Act
4. Anti-Loyalty Act
The _____ required men between the ages of 21 and 30 to register to be drafted into the armed forces.
1. Citizenship Act
2. Patriot Act
3. Sedition Act
4. Selective Service Act
The U.S. government issued war bonds, called _____. Money from the sale of these bonds provided loans to the Allies, allowing them to buy food and war supplies.
1. Liberty Bonds
2. War Loan Bonds
3. Victory Bonds
4. National War Bonds
President Wilson created the _____ to oversee the production and distribution of goods made by the country's war industries.
1. War Stuff Board
2. American Industrial Board
3. War Resources Board
4. War Industries Board
_____, head of the War Industries Board, explained the agency's role. "No steel, copper, cement, rubber, or other basic materials can be used without our approval."
1. Arthur Zimmermann
2. Bernard Baruch
3. Jeannette Rankin
4. John Pershing
President Wilson created the _____ to settle disputes between workers and management to prevent strikes.
1. War Industries Board
2. Liberty Board
3. National War Labor Board
4. Sedition Board
The _____ included a large force of volunteers and draftees as well as soldiers from the regular army and the National Guard. These forces arrived in France to assist the Allied Forces in fighting off Russia.
1. American Expeditionary Force
2. Selective Service
3. Foreign Legion
4. American Supplemental Brigade
The _____ took control of Russia's government in November 1917.
1. League of Nations
2. Lunatiks
3. Carpetbaggers
4. Bolsheviks
The Bolsheviks were _____--people who seek the equal distribution of wealth and an end to all forms of private property.
1. Capitalists
2. Communists
3. Anarchists
4. Imperialists
In 1917 _____ led the new Communist government in Russia.
1. Nikita Khrushchev
2. Joseph Stalin
3. John Philip Sousa
4. Vladimir I. Lenin
In March 1918 Russia signed the _____, a peace agreement with the Central Powers.
1. Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty
2. North Atlantic Treaty
3. Treaty of Versailles
4. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
On the __th hour of the __th day of the __th month of 1918, the armistice, or truce, officially ended World War I.
1. 9
2. 10
3. 11
4. 12
President Wilson outlined a plan for postwar Europe and proposed a system to avoid future wars. This plan was called the _____.
1. Preventive Measures Plan
2. Fourteen Points
3. World Security Plan
4. Ounce of Prevention Plan
One idea of President Wilson's was to create a _____ to be a congress of nations to settle international disputes and maintain peace and collective security.
1. United Nations
2. League of Nations
3. World Peace Organization
4. Congress of World Negotiation
The final peace settlement of World War I was the _____.
1. North Atlantic Treaty
2. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
3. Treaty of Paris
4. Treaty of Versailles
At the Paris Peace Conference it was determined that Germany should pay $33 billion in _____.
1. remittance
2. fines
3. reparations
4. repentance
The propaganda technique of calling someone or thing a name whether it is true or not is _____.
1. Bandwagon
2. Name Calling
3. Identifying a Cause with a Person or a Noble Idea
4. Overgeneralization
Mrs. Maloney wearing a Heinz Tomato Ketchup sweatshirt is an example of the ______ propaganda technique.
1. Bandwagon
2. Symbolism
3. Identifying a Cause with a Person or a Noble Idea
4. Overgeneralization
_____ is the propaganda technique of using a symbol to identify for or against a cause.
1. Bandwagon
2. Symbolism
3. Identifying a Cause with a Person or a Noble Idea
4. Overgeneralization
_____ is the propaganda technique of making such a general statement that many unrelated things are included.
1. Name Calling
2. Implication by Association
3. Half-truths
4. Overgeneralization
_____ is the propaganda technique suggesting you should do what everyone else is doing.
1. Bandwagon
2. Symbolism
3. Identifying a Cause with a Person or a Noble Idea
4. Overgeneralization
_____ is the propaganda technique of making a statement that includes some truth, but important information is left out.
1. Name Calling
2. Implication by Association
3. Half-truths
4. Overgeneralization
_____ is the propaganda technique of saying someone is like someone else because they know each other.
1. Name Calling
2. Implication by Association
3. Half-truths
4. Overgeneralization
The propaganda technique used in this poster is _____.
1. symbolism
2. implication by association
3. overgeneralization
4. identifying a cause with a person or a noble idea
The propaganda technique used in this poster is _____.
1. half-truths
2. name calling
3. overgeneralization
4. identifying a cause with a person or a noble idea
The propaganda technique used in this poster is _____.
1. identifying a cause with a person or a noble idea
2. overgeneralization
3. name calling
4. bandwagon
The propaganda technique used in this poster is _____.
1. name calling
2. implication by association
3. half-truths
4. overgeneralization
On the map below 5 is _____.
1. France
2. Spain
3. Germany
4. Austria-Hungary
On the map below 10 is _____.
1. Austria-Hungary
2. Russia
3. Germany
4. France
On the map below 8 is _____.
1. Austria-Hungary
2. France
3. Britain
4. Italy
On the map below 7 is _____.
1. France
2. Germany
3. Russia
4. Austria-Hungary
On the map below 2 is _____.
1. Britain
2. Ireland
3. Sweden
4. France
On the map below 14 is _____.
1. Russia
2. Austria-Hungary
3. Germany
4. Spain
On the map below 10 is _____.
1. Austria-Hungary
2. France
3. Germany
4. Russia
On the map below 2 is _____.
1. France
2. Germany
3. Italy
4. Spain
On the map below 5 is _____.
1. France
2. Spain
3. Germany
4. Austria-Hungary
On the map below 6 is _____.
1. Germany
2. Austria-Hungary
3. France
4. Italy
On the map below 8 is _____.
1. Italy
2. France
3. Germany
4. Spain
The bright pink on the map below shows countries belonging to the _____.
1. Allied Powers
2. Central Powers
3. Neutral Powers
4. Foreign Powers
The bright green on the map below shows countries belonging to the _____.
1. Allied Powers
2. Central Powers
3. Neutral Powers
4. Foreign Powers
The dark purple on the map below shows countries belonging to the _____.
1. Allied Powers
2. Central Powers
3. Neutral Powers
4. Foreign Powers
On the map below 10 is _____.
1. Germany
2. France
3. Austria-Hungary
4. Russia
On the map below 17 is _____.
1. Spain
2. Portugal
3. Peru
4. Britain
On the map below 11 is _____.
1. England
2. Ireland
3. France
4. Germany
On the map below 2 is _____.
1. Russia
2. Austria-Hungary
3. Germany
4. Turkey
The correct key for this map above would be:
On the map below 9 is _____.
1. Austria-Hungary
2. Germany
3. Spain
4. France
The _________ allowed FDR to sell war materials to Britain.
1. Truman Doctrine
2. Neutrality Acts
3. Smoot Hawley Act
4. Lend-Lease Act
This battle was the first of the island hopping campaigns in the Pacific.
1. Pearl Harbor
2. the Philippines
3. Iwo Jima
4. Guadalcanal
During the war, many women _____
1. were drafted into the armed services.
2. fought in combat units.
3. moved to the south to take farm jobs.
4. took jobs in war industries.
_____ was the Supreme Commander of the Allied forces during Operation Overlord and in Europe.
1. Winston Churchill
2. Douglas MacArthur
3. Dwight D. Eisenhower
4. Erwin Rommel
Which of the following most correctly identifies the Axis powers?
1. Germany, Italy, Japan, and the Soviet Union
2. Germany, Italy, and Japan
3. Germany and Italy
4. United States, Great Britain, France, China, and the Soviet Union
_____ was elected President for four terms and led the country through most of World War II.
1. Theodore Roosevelt
2. Franklin D. Roosevelt
3. Harry Truman
4. Herbert Hoover
An example of __________ would be the Munich Pact, where the Sudetenland was given to Germany.
1. blitzkrieg
2. aggression
3. totalitarianism
4. appeasement
The immediate cause of World War II was _____.
1. the fall of France
2. Mussolini's rise to power
3. the battle of Britain
4. Hitler's invasion of Poland
In the late 1930s, isolationists in Congress tried to keep the United States out of war by _____
1. passing Neutrality Acts.
2. following the Good Neighbor Policy.
3. issuing the Potsdam Declaration.
4. approving Operation Overlord.
Which of the following phrases refers to the Lend-Lease Act?
1. “a war to end all wars”
2. “a date which will live in infamy”
3. “arsenal of democracy”
4. “I shall return”
_____ became the leader of the Soviet Union after Lenin’s death.
1. Dwight Eisenhower
2. Harry Truman
3. Joseph Stalin
4. Ivan Popov
This battle was Hitler and Germany's last offensive.
1. Bulge
2. Guadalcanal
3. D-Day
4. Stalingrad
What agreement allowed Germany to invade Poland without fear of an attack from another country that shared a border with Poland? (Select all that apply.)
1. Potsdam Declaration
2. Axis Alliance
3. Nazi-Soviet Pact
4. Atlantic Charter
“A date that will live in infamy”
1. September 1, 1941
2. December 7, 1941
3. June 6, 1944
4. September 1, 1939
The _____ forbid Americans to sell arms to countries at war.
1. Potsdam Declaration
2. Lend-Lease Act
3. Neutrality Acts
4. Wagner Act
“Even though I did not think it was fair to evacuate the Japanese from strategic areas, I thought it had to be done because of the danger of invasion.” This quotation refers to _____
1. the dropping of the atomic bomb.
2. Operation Overlord.
3. the Holocaust.
4. the use of relocation camps.
The phrase, "a date that will live in infamy" is part of _____. (Select all that apply.)
1. Franklin Roosevelt's declaration of war
2. the Lend Lease Act
3. the Atlantic Charter
4. the Nazi-Soviet Pact
The beginning of a two front war for Hitler took place on _____.
1. September 1, 1939
2. February 1, 1943
3. June 6, 1944
4. August 8, 1943
Allied leaders decided that _________ was the best way to advance across the Pacific toward Japan.
1. blitzkrieg
2. island hopping
3. marching
4. non-aggression
During World War II, blacks, Hispanics, and Japanese Americans _____.
1. were never allowed to enlist in the armed forces
2. served with honor despite discrimination
_____ was the organizer of the Fascist party in Italy.
1. Joseph DiMaggio
2. Adolf Hitler
3. Victorio Bagaduce
4. Benito Mussolini
The murder of millions of Jews by the Nazis is called _____.
1. the Battan Death March
2. the Holocaust
3. the Potsdam Declaration
4. Operation Overlord
An atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan on _____.
1. May 8, 1945
2. August 6, 1945
3. December 7, 1941
4. June 6, 1944
Benito Mussolini was a __________ because he had complete power over his country.
1. humanitarian
2. dictator
3. democrat
4. politician
An immediate result of the attack on Pearl Harbor was that the United States _____
1. entered World War II on the side of the Allies.
2. bombed Nagasaki.
3. declared its neutrality.
4. issued the Atlantic Charter.
_____ authorized the use of the atomic bomb.
1. Winston Churchill
2. Harry S. Truman
3. Joseph Stalin
4. Franklin D. Roosevelt
When World War II officially began, the United States _____
1. sent American planes and pilots to England.
2. was officially neutral.
3. issued the Potsdam Declaration.
4. attacked Germany.
Japan’s invasion of China was an act of _____.
1. peaceful coexistance
2. kindness
3. aggression
4. non-aggression
_____ led the nationalist Chinese against the Japanese.
1. Chaing Kai-shek
2. Ho Chi Minh
3. Mao Zedong
4. Hideki Tojo
Which of the following leaders is incorrectly identified?
1. Thomas E. Dewey - became President after Roosevelt died.
2. Harry S. Truman - made the decision to drop the atomic bomb.
3. Douglas Mac Arthur - freed the Philippines from Japanese control.
4. Dwight D. Eisenhower - commanded the Allied forces in Western Europe.
Victory in Europe took place on _____.
1. May 8, 1945
2. April 30, 1945
3. September 7, 1945
4. August 12, 1945
This is the name of the battle where U.S. troops land on Omaha and Utah beaches in France.
1. Stalingrad
2. Iwo Jima
3. D-Day
4. Bulge
_____ vowed “I shall return” when he was forced to withdraw from the Philippines when the Japanese attacked.
1. Dwight Eisenhower
2. Hideki Tojo
3. Douglas MacArthur
4. George Patton
Why did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor?
1. Japan wanted to break off trade relations with Germany.
2. Hitler ordered the Japanese government to make the attack.
3. Japan wanted to gain territory in Asia and the Pacific for needed resources.
4. The Japanese wanted to force Americans to enter the war.
_____ led the Soviet Union during WWII.
1. Winston Churchill
2. Joseph Stalin
3. Benito Mussolini
4. Adolf Hitler
The Nuremberg trials were held to _____
1. decide how much Germany would pay for the war.
2. punish Nazis accused of war crimes.
3. end the Holocaust.
4. expose the evils of the Bataan Death March.
Which of the following most correctly identifies the Allies?
1. Germany, Italy, Japan, and the Soviet Union
2. United States, Great Britain, France, China, and the Soviet Union
3. Germany and Italy
4. Germany, Italy, and Japan
The first occurrence of German blitzkrieg took place on _____.
1. December 7, 1941
2. June 22, 1940
3. June 6, 1944
4. September 1, 1939
What is the agreement that set up goals for a post-war world?
1. Potsdam Declaration
2. Nazi-Soviet Pact
3. Atlantic Charter
4. Lend-Lease Act
This was the air-sea battle that was the turning point in the war on the Pacific.
1. Midway
2. Coral Sea
3. D-Day
4. Pearl Harbor
Germany was a _________ because the Nazi party controlled all aspects of German life.
1. democracy
2. communist state
3. totalitarian state
4. monarchic state
What was the nickname for women who worked in factories during World War II to support the war effort?
1. Hannah the Homemaker
2. Wilma the Worker
3. Rosie the Riveter
4. Rachel the Riveter
_____ was leader of Germany and the Nazi party during World War II.
1. Benito Mussolini
2. Edwin Rommel
3. Dwight Eisenhower
4. Adolf Hitler
As a/an __________, I believe we should stay out of foreign entanglements.
1. imperialist
2. aggressor
3. isolationist
4. nationalist
_____ was the military dictator of Japan during WWII.
1. Mao Zedong
2. Ichiro Suzuki
3. Hideki Tojo
4. Chaing Kai-shek
When Franklin Roosevelt spoke of the United States as a the "arsenal of democracy," he was referring to the _____ (Select all that apply.)
1. the Atlantic Charter.
2. American declaration of war against Japan.
3. the "cash-and-carry" plan.
4. Lend-Lease Act.
The powerful secret weapon the United States developed during World War II was the _____.
1. Enola Gay
2. atomic bomb
3. nuclear submarine
4. aircraft carrier
The __________ stated that Japan must unconditionally surrender or be destroyed.
1. Neutrality Act
2. orders for internment
3. Munich Agreement
4. Potsdam Declaration
Which battle was the was the turning point of the war in the Soviet Union and Europe?
1. D-Day
2. Sicily
3. Stalingrad
4. Leningrad
_____ was a military strategy used by Germany to conquer territory quickly.
1. Panzer
2. Luftwaffe
3. Blitzkrieg
4. Kriegsmarine
On D-Day, the Allies _____
1. dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima.
2. landed on the coast of France.
3. defeated Hitler.
4. invaded Italy.
“We had a toehold, and behind us there were enormous replacements. Men and equipment were flowing from England in a gigantic stream.” This quotation probably describes _____.
1. a relocation camp for Japanese Americans
2. Operation Overlord
3. the dropping of the atomic bomb
4. the Allied invasion of Sicily
WWII took place from _____.
1. 1914-1918
2. 1957-1962
3. 1939-1945
4. 1922-1931

U.S. History

Multiple-Choice ExerciseCopyright © 2012; All rights reserved. No commercial, for-profit use of this material is allowed. E-mail comments and questions to Tami Maloney.

What is the significance of Pinckney's Treaty (1795) with Spain?

Why did the U.S. Congress pass the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798?

The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions were based on which principle?

What right did most Caucasian women have in the U.S. during the Federalist period?

During Thomas Jefferson's presidency, which event challenged his strict constructionist philosophy?

What impact did the Battle of New Orleans have on the U.S. in 1815?

Which idea did Tecumseh and his brother the Prophet support before 1820?

Why did many Mormons migrate to the western United States?

Which part of the Compromise of 1850 received the greatest support from southern farmers?

The Emancipation Proclamation is seen as a diplomatic document. Why?

Which action abolished slavery in the U.S.?

Which of these is the strongest evidence of the federal government showing its power over state governments during the Reconstruction period?

Why did the House of Representatives impeach Andrew Johnson?

withdrawal of federal troopspresidential cabinet positionsfunding for transportation improvementsWhich of the following is the best title for the list above?

What impact did the transcontinental railroad have on the economy of the West during the mid-1800s?

Which invention made western farming more efficient in the mid-1800s?

Which major problem was more common for a farmer in the West than for a farmer living east of the Mississippi during the mid to late 1800s?

Which issue led to the organization of the Populist Party?

Which factor contributed most to the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?

Immigrant were more likely to settle in urban, industrial centers rather than rural, agricultural regions. Why?

What was the impact of westward expansion on Native Americans during the Jacksonian Era?

Which statement best explains the increase in sectionalism between 1820 and 1850?

How did the transcendental movement influence U.S. society during the mid to late 1800s?

Which of these activities had the greatest economic impact on the southeastern U.S. between 1800 and 1860?

Which section of the U.S. most oppposed a protective tariff in the 1830-1850 period?

What was the effect of the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Susan B. Anthony is best known for which area of reform?

Which congressional act was passed to end the abuses of the spoils system?

Which event contributed most to the demise of the Knights of Labor?

Who best completes this list?

Which business strategy would a late-1800s industrial leader use to establish a monopoly?

Why did the U.S. act as an imperial power during the late 1800s?

Which event is associated with the outbreak of war between the U.S. and Spain in 1898?

In 1898, William Randolph Hearst reportedly sent a message to his photographer in Cuba that said, "You provide the photographs and I'll furnish the war." Which technique was Hearst using

How did the action of the U.S. government in the late 1800s impact Hawaii?

How did poll taxes limit the rights of citizens to liberty in the late 1800s?

How did the role of journalism change during the Progressive Era?

Why did Theodore Roosevelt build the Great White Fleet?

What justification did President Taft use to support his use of dollar diplomacy in Latin America and Asia?

How did passing the Sherman Antitrust Act attempt to reform U.S. business practices in the late 1800s?

Which best completes this list?

How did assembly line production affect the U.S. economy during the early 20th century?

Which group benefited the most from reform legislation passed during the Progressive Era?

Which event was a reason for the U.S.' entry into the First World War?

How were the civil liberties of U.S. citizens threatened during World War I?

How did the U.S. help the Allies win World War I?

The Kellog-Briand Pact represented the desire of the U.S. and European nations to follow which policy?

Which heading best completes this list?

During the 1920s, which leader of the Universal Negro Improvement Association advocated a return to Africa for African Americans?

What did the flapper image of the 1920s represent for U.S. women?

Which evidence showed that the prosperity of the 1920s was an illusion?

Which factor contributed to the stock market crash of 1929?

Which factor added to the hardships of midwestern farmers during the Great Depression?

Which economic policy did President Franklin D. Roosevelt use to respond to the Great Depression?

After the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that several New Deal programs were unconstitutional, how did President Franklin Roosevelt try to influence future decisions of the Court?

Which term best describes the diplomacy followed by some European nations in their relations with Germany, Italy, and Japan between 1931 and 1939?

Which advertising campaign represents the expanding role of women in the workplace during World War II?

Why did President Truman decide to use the atomic bomb near the end of World War II?

Which development best reflects the economic prosperity of the U.S. after World War II?

What international organization was created immediately after World War II to promote world peace and cooperation among nations?

Which U.S. initiative was designed to provide financial aid for war-torn European countries after World War II?

Which policy did the U.S. government use to respond to the Cold War tensions of the 1950s?

Which political trend characterized the era of McCarthyism?

Which government agency was developed in response to Cold War confrontations?

How did many U.S. families respond to the threat of nuclear war between the U.S. and the Soviet Union as the Cold War intensified?

What was one purpose of President Kennedy's Alliance for Progress?

What precedent was established for U.S. presidents by the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution?

What strategy did both Martin Luther King, Jr. and César Chávez use to achieve social change?

Which group represents the counterculture of the 1960s?

How did the war in Vietnam hinder President Lyndon B. Johnson's effort to create the Great Society?

Which statement best summarizes the decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren?

What impact did Title IX have on educational institutions in the U.S.?

What event during the 1970s resulted in the U.S. increasing its regulation of nuclear power plants?

Which U.S. president regarded universal health care as a major issue for the federal government to resolve?

The Watergate scandal is appropriately described by which statement?

What was the main purpose for Operation Desert Storm?

In which country did President Clinton use force in an attempt to bring an end to regional conflicts?

How has a revival of nativism in the late 20th century affected recent immigration?

Multiple-Choice Exercise
Copyright © 2012; All rights reserved. No commercial, for-profit use of this material is allowed. E-mail comments and questions to Tami Maloney.

withdrawal of federal troops
presidential cabinet positions
funding for transportation improvements

Which of the following is the best title for the list above?

**What was the effect in the U.S. of the sinking of the ship Lusitania by a German submarine in 1915?**

**The First Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s was primarily a**

**Which of the following was an effect of the publication of Upton Sinclair's The Jungle (1906)?**

**The muckraking journalists associated with the Progressive era were known primarily for their**