U.S. History

What is the significance of Pinckney's Treaty (1795) with Spain?
1. It gave the U.S. the right to navigate the Mississippi River.
2. It gave the U.S. most-favored nation status.
3. It allowed Lewis and Clark to explore the Louisiana Territory.
4. It moved the Shawnee to the Indiana Territory.
Why did the U.S. Congress pass the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798?
1. to prevent immigrants from joining the Federalist Party
2. to prevent a war with England
3. to prevent government opposition
4. to prevent immigration from Mexico
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions were based on which principle?
1. the states' right to nullify acts of the federal government
2. the Supreme Court's right to nullify acts of Congress
3. Congress' right to nullify acts of the states
4. the president's right to nullify rulings of the Supreme Court
What right did most Caucasian women have in the U.S. during the Federalist period?
1. the right to serve on a jury
2. the right to inherit land
3. the right to vote for political officials
4. the right to seek public office
During Thomas Jefferson's presidency, which event challenged his strict constructionist philosophy?
1. the Judiciary Act of 1801
2. the Embargo Act of 1807
3. the Louisiana Purchase
4. the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798
What impact did the Battle of New Orleans have on the U.S. in 1815?
1. It weakened the strength of the U.S. military.
2. It resolved the issue of British impressment of U.S. ships.
3. It caused the U.S. to lose access to the Gulf port.
4. It boosted a sense of patriotism and unity among U.S. citizens.
Which idea did Tecumseh and his brother the Prophet support before 1820?
1. organization of Native Americans into a separate state
2. assimilation of Native Americans into U.S. society
3. unification of Native Americans in resistance to the U.S. government
4. relocation of Native Americans west of the Mississippi River
Why did many Mormons migrate to the western United States?
1. to pursue gold mining
2. to avoid the slavery conflict
3. to take advantage of cheap farmland
4. to escape religious persecution
Which part of the Compromise of 1850 received the greatest support from southern farmers?
1. the admission of California as a free state
2. the passage of a strict fugitive slave law
3. the end of the slave trade in Washington, D.C.
4. the allowance of popular sovereignty in new territories
The Emancipation Proclamation is seen as a diplomatic document. Why?
1. It made it hard for foreign countries to recognize and support the Confederacy.
2. It warned European countries to stay out of affairs in the Western Hemisphere.
3. It called on England and France to sell weapons to the Union army.
4. It encouraged France to sell the Louisiana Territory to the U.S.
Which action abolished slavery in the U.S.?
1. suspension of habeas corpus
2. passage of the 13th Amendment
3. passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1866
4. delivery of the Gettysburg Address
Which of these is the strongest evidence of the federal government showing its power over state governments during the Reconstruction period?
1. the creation of the sharecropping system
2. the migration of carpetbaggers into southern states
3. the military occupation of former Confederate states
4. the creation of the Freedmen's Bureau
Why did the House of Representatives impeach Andrew Johnson?
1. The president refused to follow Lincoln's Reconstruction plan.
2. The president violated the Tenure of Office Act.
3. Congress wanted to test the 15th Amendment.
4. The Supreme Court supported separation of powers.
withdrawal of federal troops
presidential cabinet positions
funding for transportation improvements

Which of the following is the best title for the list above?
1. Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan
2. Election of 1868
3. Radical Republicans' Reconstruction Plan
4. Democratic Benefits from the Compromise of 1877
What impact did the transcontinental railroad have on the economy of the West during the mid-1800s?
1. it decreased the need for government regulation
2. it increased the time needed to ship products to other regions
3. it decreased the use of eastern rail lines
4. Democratic Benefits from the Compromise of 1877
Which invention made western farming more efficient in the mid-1800s?
1. the Model T
2. the steel plow
3. the Bessemer process
4. the assembly line
Which major problem was more common for a farmer in the West than for a farmer living east of the Mississippi during the mid to late 1800s?
1. unemployment
2. deflation
3. high railroad rates
4. rising interest rates
Which issue led to the organization of the Populist Party?
1. the desire to lift the burden of debt from farmers and other workers
2. the collapse of the Second Bank of the United States
3. an increase in immigration
4. limited availability of land in the West for use by new farmers
Which factor contributed most to the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?
1. the lack of mining jobs
2. the economic war in Asia
3. the overcrowding of neighborhoods
4. the rise of nativism
Immigrant were more likely to settle in urban, industrial centers rather than rural, agricultural regions. Why?
1. Housing was plentiful.
2. Factories provided much-needed jobs.
3. Immigrants knew nothing of farming techniques.
4. It was easier to get to the urban areas.
What was the impact of westward expansion on Native Americans during the Jacksonian Era?
1. Most Native Americans were forced to move to Canada.
2. Most Native Americans were assimilated into U.S. society.
3. Most Native Americans were relocated to lands west of the Mississippi.
4. Most Native Americans were able to negotiate to keep their land.
Which statement best explains the increase in sectionalism between 1820 and 1850?
1. Westward expansion created a heated debate over the nation's policy concerning Native Americans.
2. Westward expansion caused a recurring debate over the expansion of slavery into the new territories.
3. Westward expansion during the period occurred faster across the northern plains than the southern river deltas.
4. Westward expansion created a need for government spending to improve transportation.
How did the transcendental movement influence U.S. society during the mid to late 1800s?
1. Transcendentalists emphasized the need to get material wealth.
2. Transcendentalists encouraged the spread of slavery.
3. Transcendentalists created neoclassical style architecture.
4. Transcendentalists wrote about the idea of self-reliance.
Which of these activities had the greatest economic impact on the southeastern U.S. between 1800 and 1860?
1. shipbuilding
2. coal mining
3. logging
4. cotton farming
Which section of the U.S. most oppposed a protective tariff in the 1830-1850 period?
1. West
2. Northeast
3. South
4. Northwest
What was the effect of the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
1. The concept of popular sovereignty led to armed conflict between slave owners and abolitionists.
2. Slaveholders gained the right to establish slavery in those territories.
3. The extension of slavery into the new territories was prohibited.
4. Residents of Kansas and Nebraska were prohibited from considering the issue of slavery until the territories became states.
Susan B. Anthony is best known for which area of reform?
1. labor
2. immigration
3. prohibition
4. suffrage
Which congressional act was passed to end the abuses of the spoils system?
1. Pendleton Act
2. Sherman Antitrust Act
3. Hepburn Act
4. Foraker Act
Which event contributed most to the demise of the Knights of Labor?
1. Great Chicago Fire
2. Haymarket Square Riot
3. Homestead Strike
4. Pullman Company Strike
Who best completes this list?
- Monopolists of the Late 1800s
1. J.P. Morgan
2. Alger Hiss
3. Robert LaFollette
4. Henry Ford
Which business strategy would a late-1800s industrial leader use to establish a monopoly?
1. form a joint stock company
2. use a horizontal integration system
3. make a contract with labor union leaders
4. develop a nationwide advertising campaign
Why did the U.S. act as an imperial power during the late 1800s?
1. a need to decrease its military experience
2. a desire to control oil-producing nations
3. a need for new markets for its manufactured goods
4. a desire for new gold mines
Which event is associated with the outbreak of war between the U.S. and Spain in 1898?
1. the sinking of the USS Maine
2. the Pancho Villa raids
3. the sinking of the Lusitania
4. the announcement of Mexican independence
In 1898, William Randolph Hearst reportedly sent a message to his photographer in Cuba that said, "You provide the photographs and I'll furnish the war." Which technique was Hearst using
1. muckraking
2. transcendentalism
3. censorship
4. yellow journalism
How did the action of the U.S. government in the late 1800s impact Hawaii?
1. U.S. intervention led to the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy.
2. U.S. intervention led to a war with Samoa over territorial control.
3. U.S. intervention led to increased control of the Hawaiian government by native Hawaiians.
4. U.S. intervention led to a trade dispute with France.
How did poll taxes limit the rights of citizens to liberty in the late 1800s?
1. The poll taxes kept women from voting and denied them a voice in the government.
2. The poll taxes prevented black males from voting and denied them a voice in the government.
3. Counties that did not charge a poll tax did not operate voting stations.
4. Poll taxes kept ex-convicts from voting.
How did the role of journalism change during the Progressive Era?
1. Journalism became the leader in the literacy movement.
2. Journalism helped the captains of industry sell their products.
3. Journalism opened the door for modern publishing companies.
4. Journalism uncovered scandals and evoked people's emotions.
Why did Theodore Roosevelt build the Great White Fleet?
1. to compete with the Russian navy
2. to help him win the Nobel Peace Prize
3. to protect U.S. trade interests in Japan
4. to establish the U.S. as a naval power
What justification did President Taft use to support his use of dollar diplomacy in Latin America and Asia?
1. to prevent the spread of communism
2. to promote U.S. commercial interests abroad
3. to create military alliances
4. to improve the world image of the U.S.
How did passing the Sherman Antitrust Act attempt to reform U.S. business practices in the late 1800s?
1. The legislation made business monopolies illegal, though enforcement of the law proved ineffective until later.
2. The act allowed the federal government the right to seize certain private businesses and place them under public control.
3. The act prevented U.S. businesses from establishing subsidiaries in foreign countries.
4. The legislation created a bimetallic standard based on gold and silver.
Which best completes this list?
- African American Responses to Jim Crow Laws During the Early 1900s
1. Grandfather Clauses
2. Sharecropping
3. Niagara Movement
4. Democratic Party
How did assembly line production affect the U.S. economy during the early 20th century?
1. It helped expand modern consumerism.
2. It decreased the disparity between the rich and the poor.
3. It increased the need for agricultural workers.
4. It developed a more self-sufficient citizen.
Which group benefited the most from reform legislation passed during the Progressive Era?
1. African Americans
2. factory workers
3. Native Americans
4. big business
Which event was a reason for the U.S.' entry into the First World War?
1. the attack on Pearl Harbor
2. the launch of the German battleshipBismarck
3. the sinking of the Lusitania
4. the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
How were the civil liberties of U.S. citizens threatened during World War I?
1. The U.S. government created the Dawes plan.
2. The U.S. government started a military draft.
3. The U.S. government restricted freedom of speech.
4. The U.S. government decided to join the League of Nations.
How did the U.S. help the Allies win World War I?
1. The U.S. entered into a secret agreement with the Central Powers.
2. The U.S. agreed to provide financial assistance to rebuild Germany.
3. The U.S. refused to fight an offensive war.
4. The U.S. provided strong, energized troops.
The Kellog-Briand Pact represented the desire of the U.S. and European nations to follow which policy?
1. self-determination
2. imperialism
3. militarism
4. isolationism
Which heading best completes this list?
- The Roaring Twenties
1. Prohibition
2. Music
3. Propoganda
4. Fundamentalists
During the 1920s, which leader of the Universal Negro Improvement Association advocated a return to Africa for African Americans?
1. Ida B. Wells
2. Marcus Garvey
3. David Walker
4. Booker T. Washington
What did the flapper image of the 1920s represent for U.S. women?
1. changing religious roles
2. a challenge to traditional roles
3. greater political influence
4. more educational opportunities
Which evidence showed that the prosperity of the 1920s was an illusion?
1. Prices on consumer goods decreased.
2. Overseas investments declined.
3. The income gap between workers and managers decreased.
4. Many people increased their debt.
Which factor contributed to the stock market crash of 1929?
1. overspeculation
2. government regulation of big business
3. decreased investment in business
4. increased agricultural prices
Which factor added to the hardships of midwestern farmers during the Great Depression?
1. the Dust Bowl
2. the end of Prohibition
3. the election of Franklin Roosevelt
4. the creation of the War Industries Board
Which economic policy did President Franklin D. Roosevelt use to respond to the Great Depression?
1. supply-side
2. laissez-faire
3. deficit spending
4. global interdependence
After the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that several New Deal programs were unconstitutional, how did President Franklin Roosevelt try to influence future decisions of the Court?
1. by asking important congressmen to start impeachment charges against several court justices
2. by appointing a new chief to the Supreme Court
3. by paying bribes to several justices
4. by trying to increase the number of Supreme Court justices
Which term best describes the diplomacy followed by some European nations in their relations with Germany, Italy, and Japan between 1931 and 1939?
1. appeasement
2. non-aggression
3. isolationism
4. containment
Which advertising campaign represents the expanding role of women in the workplace during World War II?
1. "Loose Lips Sink Ships"
2. "The Harvest is Plentiful"
3. "Rosie the Riveter"
4. "Sweetless, Meatless, Wheatless Days"
Why did President Truman decide to use the atomic bomb near the end of World War II?
1. The Japanese Empire had to be taken out of the war in order for the Allies to defeat Nazi Germany.
2. Truman wanted to save the lives of U.S. soldiers who would have to invade mainland Japan.
3. The decision was an attempt to show U.S. military strength to communist China.
4. Truman believed that the Allies could not defeat Japan otherwise.
Which development best reflects the economic prosperity of the U.S. after World War II?
1. the northern migration
2. the Civil Rights movement
3. the Beatnik movement of the 1950s
4. the growth of suburbia and consumerism
What international organization was created immediately after World War II to promote world peace and cooperation among nations?
1. the Atlantic Charter
2. the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (N.A.T.O.)
3. the United Nations (U.N.)
4. the League of Nations
Which U.S. initiative was designed to provide financial aid for war-torn European countries after World War II?
1. the Marshall Plan
2. the Geneva Accords
3. the NATO Alliance
4. the United Nations
Which policy did the U.S. government use to respond to the Cold War tensions of the 1950s?
1. isolationism
2. globalization
3. imperialism
4. containment
Which political trend characterized the era of McCarthyism?
1. the effort to end the welfare system and remove regulations on U.S. businesses
2. the willingness to provide political asylum to persecuted people worldwide
3. the effort to transform the U.S. into a society based on civil equality
4. the use of false accusation of communism as a weapon against political opponents
Which government agency was developed in response to Cold War confrontations?
1. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2. Immigration and Naturalization Service
3. Central Intelligence Agency
4. Department of Homeland Security
How did many U.S. families respond to the threat of nuclear war between the U.S. and the Soviet Union as the Cold War intensified?
1. They moved from U.S. cities to the Canadian wilderness.
2. They urged the U.S. president to improve relations with the Soviet Union.
3. They organized trips to Moscow to meet with Soviet Leaders.
4. They constructed bomb shelters in their backyards.
What was one purpose of President Kennedy's Alliance for Progress?
1. to create treaties with Latin America
2. to improve relations with Latin America
3. to promote free elections in Panama
4. to reduce nuclear arms in Panama
What precedent was established for U.S. presidents by the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution?
1. the ability to terminate war without congressional approval
2. the ability to engage in military activity without a congressional declaration of war
3. the ability to override international peace treaties
4. the ability to ignore United Nations deliberations
What strategy did both Martin Luther King, Jr. and César Chávez use to achieve social change?
1. organized labor unions
2. started riots
3. created militant demonstrations
4. led nonviolent boycotts
Which group represents the counterculture of the 1960s?
1. hippies
2. yuppies
3. beatniks
4. baby boomers
How did the war in Vietnam hinder President Lyndon B. Johnson's effort to create the Great Society?
1. Most of his top advisors resigned because of the escalation of U.S. forces in Southeast Asia.
2. The war in Vietnam prevented the passage of the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1965.
3. The war in Vietnam forced the U.S. to divert critical funds away from domestic issues.
4. The war in Vietnam destroyed President Johnson's election hopes in 1964.
Which statement best summarizes the decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren?
1. Supreme Court decisions were conservative and restricted the rights of criminals.
2. Supreme Court decisions defined rights for criminals and expanded rights for individuals.
3. Supreme Court decisions lessened the federal government's power to regulate the states.
4. Supreme Court decisions increased the power of the states.
What impact did Title IX have on educational institutions in the U.S.?
1. use of quotas for enrollment
2. creation of standardized testing goals
3. equal funding of men's and women's athletics
4. government-funded school vouchers
What event during the 1970s resulted in the U.S. increasing its regulation of nuclear power plants?
1. the signing of the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
2. North Korea's announcement that it had nuclear weapons
3. the incident at Three Mile Island
4. restrictions created by the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission
Which U.S. president regarded universal health care as a major issue for the federal government to resolve?
1. Jimmy Carter
2. Ronald Reagan
3. George H. W. Bush
4. Bill Clinton
The Watergate scandal is appropriately described by which statement?
1. It concerned the Nixon administration's attempt to cover up a burglary at the Democratic National Committee headquarters.
2. It involved the illegal establishment of government agencies to set and enforce campaign standards.
3. It involved the choice of the Reagan administration to secretly supply aid to the Contra rebels in Nicaragua.
4. It concerned the secret leasing of federally-owned oil rigs to western ranches
What was the main purpose for Operation Desert Storm?
1. to reduce the number of nuclear weapons in Iraq
2. to stop civil rights violations in Iraq
3. to reform the political system in Iraq
4. to drive Iraqi forces out of Kuwait
In which country did President Clinton use force in an attempt to bring an end to regional conflicts?
1. Cuba
2. Israel
3. Bosnia
4. China
How has a revival of nativism in the late 20th century affected recent immigration?
1. increased support for restricting immigration
2. increased advocacy for unrestricted immigration
3. increased support for higher-paying work opportunities for immigrants
4. increased advocacy for more incentives for businesses to hire non-documented immigrants
The Constitutional Convention of 1787 in Philadelphia occurred in which century?
1. 17th century
2. 18th century
3. 19th century
4. 20th century
Over the last 100 years, the U.S. has experienced significant improvements in transportation and technology. As a result, urban centers of today differ from those of the 1800s in that modern cities
1. are less likely to suffer from environmental pollution
2. can be located farther from supplies of food and fresh water
3. are more attractive to newly arrived immigrants
4. can be reliant on one primary product or service for income
1. Rhode Island
2. Vermont
3. Kentucky
4. Florida
1. the conflict over how much independence states should have in the federal system
2. the conflict over what level of representation small states should have in the federal legislature
3. the conflict over an amendment to the Constitution that would allow slavery in the territories
4. the conflict over whether or not to forcibly remove Native Americans from their lands in the West
1. The number of industrial opportunities in New England colonies decreased.
2. The number of industrial opportunities in southern colonies increased.
3. Slaves were emancipated throughout the middle colonies.
4. Plantation agriculture expanded in the southern colonies.
When Theodore Roosevelt said, "Speak softly and carry a big stick," he was trying to gain support for
1. imposing harsh laws to reduce crime
2. supporting woman suffrage to expand civil rights
3. building a powerful navy to aid U.S. diplomacy
4. using the national forests to stimulate building projects
1. Regional differences are peacefully resolved.
2. Congress changes earlier compromises to reduce tensions
3. Slavery spreads into western territories
4. The U.S. enters into the period of Reconstruction
Which of the following actions would have been supported by Northern manufacturers and opposed by Southern planters?
1. allowing slavery to expand into Missouri
2. imposing a tariff upon finished goods
3. making improvements to the port of New Orleans
4. making improvements to the cotton gin
1. IV, III, II, I
2. IV, I, II, III
3. II, IV, III, I
4. I, IV, III, II
1. President Jackson thought the U.S. government should not interfere on Native-American issues.
2. The chief executive and state governments disagreed significantly on Native-American issues.
3. The U.S. Supreme Court generally supported the executive branch on Native-American issues.
4. President Jackson supported the states over the Supreme Court on Native-American issues.
1. tribal leaders
2. formal treaties
3. rival clans
4. wooded areas
1. President Monroe's Monroe Doctrine
2. President McKinley's Open Door policy
3. President Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal
4. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's Four Freedoms
A Native American living in the Ohio River valley region would have which of the following views about the Proclamation of 1763 that forbade colonists from entering the region?
1. They would agree because they didn't want to see Europeans in the area.
2. They would be angry because they could not sell their land to the colonists.
3. They would ignore the law, since the English government could not regulate Native Americans.
4. They would agree, since the settlers wanted to start a war with the French.
Most anti-Federalists changed from opponents to supporters of the Constitution after they were promised
1. a bill of rights
2. term limits on the office of president
3. good relations with Native Americans
4. a bicameral legislature
The rush among European powers to establish colonies in the Americas can best be described as
1. an attempt to create regional cooperation and unity
2. an extension of military and economic rivalries
3. a desire to learn about other cultures
4. an effort to spead Christianity around the world
Demands for the calling of a Constitutional Convention in 1787 reflected the growing belief that the
1. small and large states should be political equals
2. rights of businesses were not being protected
3. national government needed to be strengthened
4. state governments had too little power
1. Truly patriotic citizens should vote in local elections.
2. Citizens should be wary of sectionalism in the U.S.
3. The future of the U.S. depends upon its economic strength.
4. A responsible citizen cannot accept at face value the views of any politician.
When southern states' representatives were contributing to drafting the Constitution, they tended to argue that
1. church and state should be separated
2. the slave trade should be abolished
3. slaves should be counted in the census
4. territories should be open to slave-holding
What was one way that the development of the colonies responded to the fact that Florida was a Spanish colony?
1. A colonial navy patrolled the coast of Georgia.
2. Georgia was founded as a base for the British army.
3. Georgia was a buffer zone between the British and Spanish.
4. The British attacked Florida and took possession of St. Augustine.
One result of the French and Indian War (1754-1763) was that dominance in North America was achieved by
1. Russia
2. Great Britain
3. France
4. Spain
1. Sir Isaac Newton
2. Thomas Hobbes
3. John Locke
4. David Hume
One major compromise at the Constitutional Convention settled the difference between large states and small states over the issue of
1. representation in Congress
2. taxation
3. territorial expansion
4. civil liberties
Attempts to escape religious persecution were key factors in the original settlement of which American colonies?
1. South Carolina and Georgia
2. Virginia and New York
3. Pennsylvania and Maryland
4. North Carolina and New Jersey
Which of the following Constitutional amendments most directly addresses the issue of limiting the authority of the federal government?
1. Amendment 7--Trial by Jury in Civil Cases
2. Amendment 10--Powers of the States and People
3. Amendment 14--Civil Rights
4. Amendment 21--Repeal of Prohibition
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 served to restrict
1. the right to bear arms and the right to a jury trial
2. the right of women to vote and to hold office
3. freedom of speech and freedom of the press
4. freedom from unreasonable search and seizure
1. Frederick Douglass
2. Robert E. Lee
3. John C. Calhoun
4. Stephen Douglas
The new Republican Party of the 1850s drew much of its northern base from
1. antislavery or "conscience" Whigs
2. immigrants from eastern cities
3. remnants of the Federalist Party
4. eastern land speculators
Which of the following was a belief held by John Brown (1800-1859)?
1. Individual states should decide whether to permit slavery.
2. Abolitionists should work for gradual change.
3. The South should work to diversify its economic base.
4. Slavery should be abolished by violent means, if necessary.
1. Old Spanish Trail
2. California Trail
3. Santa Fe Trail
4. Oregon Trail
How did the completion of the Erie Canal in 1825 impact New York City?
1. New York City ceased to be a major point of European immigration.
2. New York City became a major economical and financial center.
3. New York City lost financial and political influence to the city of Albany.
4. New York City gained control of western agricultural production.
The nullification confrontation of 1832-1833 between President Andrew Jackson and South Carolina Senator John C. Calhoun concerned
1. Jackson's attempts to abolish slavery in the South
2. Calhoun's claim that a state has the power to ignore federal laws
3. the constitutionality of the second Bank of the United States
4. whether slavery would be allowed in western territories
1. the Louisiana Purchase
2. gains from the Black Hawk War
3. the loss of British forts in the West
4. the annexation of Texas
When the U.S. government needed 10,000 rifles for the army, Eli Whitney applied for the contract. He took several guns, dismantle them, put the pieces in a box, and shook it. He then randomly selected the pieces he needed, assembled one rifle, and fired it. What did he demonstrate?
1. interchangeable parts
2. assembly line production
3. mass production techniques
4. the factory system
1. United States Territory
2. Spanish Colony
3. independent republic
4. part of Mexico
Which of these statements expresses an official U.S. government policy of the 1850s?
1. Alcohol consumption is dangerous and should be abolished.
2. Immigration should be unrestricted and universal.
3. Labor unions are immoral and should be prohibited.
4. The nation has a right and duty to expand to the Pacific Coast.
1. immigration quotas for foreign nations
2. passing high protective tariffs to control foreign imports
3. becoming allied with foreign powers
4. expanding westward into lands claimed by others
Which of the following best describes Abraham Lincoln's public position on slavery in 1860?
1. He opposed the expansion of slavery but not its existence.
2. He opposed both the expansion and the existences of slavery.
3. He supported popular sovereignty to decide the issue of slavery.
4. He believed slavery should be allowed to expand.
On May 10, 1869, in Promontory, Utah, the East and the West became connected by the completion of
1. a telegraph line reaching from New York to San Francisco
2. the Transcontinental Railroad
3. the Oregon Trail system
4. the stations that served the Pony Express
The core membership of the Populist Party in the 1890s consisted of
1. factory workers
2. farmers
3. immigrants
4. socialists
1. industrial output
2. naval power
3. numbers of soldiers
4. military leadership
By 1863, most military planners knew that the South could not continue to fight indefinitely because
1. increasing numbers of Southern citizens no longer supported the Confederate cause
2. the Southern industrial base was too weak to support the expense of waging war
3. large numbers of former slaves were joining the union army
4. the Southern leadership was too inexperienced to fight against Northern armies and navies
The American Federation of Labor (AFL), led by Samuel Gompers, proposed that the union should negotiate for all the workers. This idea was called
1. affiliated servicing
2. unified negotiating
3. collective bargaining
4. joint contracting
1. People wanted a chance to live their own lives in their separate communities without the interference of government.
2. People thought it was unnecessary to make such a ruling. If people did not like their situation, they must improve it themselves.
3. People believed there were some instances where segregation was not important. They believed they should be able to decided case by case.
4. People knew that the reality of the situation was based upon inequality. If institutions were separate, they could not be equal.
The Confederate defeat at Vicksburg was important because it
1. ended the last major Confederate invasion of the North
2. resulted in the Confederacy begin split in half along the Mississippi River
3. caused Jefferson Davis to resign as president of the Confederacy
4. forced Robert E. Lee to leave Virginia and take command in the West
Why was the 14th Amendment not successfully implemented in Southern states during the Reconstruction Era?
1. Southern states refused to acknowledge the amendment because of its provisions.
2. Most Southern legislatures had been disbanded by the U.S. military.
3. A majority of Southern states elected to remain outside the Union following the war.
4. Southern states were allowed to make their own decisions about segregation legislation.
1. civil liberties
2. national unity
3. racial equality
4. religious freedom
Which word best describes the agricultural system used during Reconstruction that allowed white landowners to benefit from the labor of former slaves without paying wages?
1. freehold
2. indenture
3. plantation
4. sharecropping
Which of the following contributed most to the forced removal of Native Americans from the Great Plains from 1867 to 1890?
1. the desire to establish military posts
2. the building of new canals
3. the westward shift of the frontier
4. the desire for more land to grow cotton
In the late 1800s, railroads were charging high prices to ship and store agricultural produce. When other political efforts failed to reduce freight charges, farmers began to demand that the U.S. government produce more silver money. Why did the farmers want the minting of more silver money?
1. They anticipated monetary deflation, which would make money more valuable.
2. They hoped to ruin the railroad barons, who they felt were greedy and unfair toward farmers.
3. They expected monetary inflation, which would give them better prices for their crops.
4. They wanted to create political problems for other sectors of the economy.
What was one effect of the Wagner Act (1935)?
1. The number of factory workers declined dramatically between 1935 and 1945.
2. Employers were prohibited from interfering in workers' efforts to unionize.
3. Laborers shifted their support from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party.
4. Laborers in companies with more than 50 employees were prohibited from striking.
The U.S. gained control of the land it needed to build the Panama Canal by
1. negotiating an agreement with Colombia
2. invading Colombia and taking the land
3. implementing the Open Door Policy
4. encouraging and supporting Panamanian independence
Charles A. Lindbergh piloted The Spirit of St. Louis from New York to Paris in the first successful solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean. What was the greatest immediate impact of Lindbergh's accomplishment?
1. It made air travel safe and inexpensive.
2. It helped to improve diplomatic relations with France.
3. It sparked public interest and boosted the aviation industry.
4. It encouraged American travel abroad and an appreciation for European culture.
In the 1920s, the Ku Klux Klan and nativist movements such as the Immigration Restriction League shared the belief that
1. the U.S. must adopt a socialist form of government
2. the U.S. should conquer more overseas territories
3. white Americans should establish a separate republic
4. white Americans were racially superior to other groups
1. adopted a policy of unilateral diarmament
2. established an unpaid militia after the Spanish-Ameriican War
3. maintained a very small peacetime military
4. posted most of its military as advisors in Europe
What was one result of the work of the Tennessee Valley Authority in the 1930s?
1. restoration of a natural environment
2. construction of nuclear power plants
3. generation of affordable electricity for rural areas
4. improvement in systems of communication
Which statement is most true about many African Americans during World War I?
1. They protested discrimination in the U.S. Army.
2. They left the rural South for jobs in the North
3. They purchased large numbers of farms in the midwest.
4. They left the U.S. for Liberia and Sierra Leone.
By the early 1900s, U.S. government interest in developing an economic relationship with the Chinese empire was part of an overall plan to
1. become an imperialist power
2. spread democracy throughout Asia
3. establish a regional peacekeeping effort
4. limit the levels of Asian immigration
1. Adolph Hitler's rise to power in Germany
2. Japanese expansion in the Pacific
3. the Great Depression
4. Prohibition
What was the effect in the U.S. of the sinking of the ship Lusitania by a German submarine in 1915?
1. It led to an immediate U.S. declaration of war against Germany.
2. It aroused public anger against Germany and led President Wilson to demand that Germany respect the rights of travelers from neutral countries.
3. It led President Wilson to prohibit Americans from traveling on ships of countries involved in the war.
4. It led President Wilson to sign a lend-lease plan to provide Great Britain with military supplies.
President Theodore Roosevelt stated that people deserved a "Square Deal" from their government. What did he mean by that?
1. Business groups should be allowed to function unregulated by government.
2. Government regulators should determine fair profit margins.
3. Business groups should be restricted from unfair business practices by government.
4. Government regulators should determine wages for workers or commodity prices for consumers.
1. Progressivism
2. Social Darwinism
3. communism
4. anarchism
Which of the following helps to explain the reason for American expansionism in the mid-1800s and early 1900s?
1. The U.S. sought new markets for agricultural and industrial products.
2. The U.S. wanted to establish colonies in Asia, Africa, and Australia.
3. U.S. foreign policy rejected the theory of "Social Darwinism"
4. The U.S. military wanted to establish overseas bases and recruit from those locations.
The development of suburban areas in the U.S. during the 1950s can be attributed mostly to
1. decreasing cost of building materials
2. increasing supply of skilled labor
3. decreasing development of rural areas
4. increasing development of the national highway system
The purpose of the Nuremberg war crimes trials after World War II was to
1. punish German leaders for crimes against humanity
2. raise money to repair wartime destruction
3. stop secret cooperation between Nazis and Communists
4. prevent another world war in twenty years.
During the 1990s, the economies of Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. became more integrated when all three nations agreed to
1. lower trade barriers
2. create a common currency
3. pool their tax revenues
4. standardize wages and prices
Why did President Kennedy approve the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles supported by the Central Intelligence Agency in 1961?
1. Castro had formed an anti-U.S. alliance with Venezuela and Nicaragua.
2. Castro had developed close economic and political ties to the Soviet Union.
3. Castro had cut off all Cuban trade with the U.S.
4. Castro had released political prisoners into the U.S., many of whom were criminals.
Which of these most accurately describes a result of Lyndon Johnson's "Great Society" programs?
1. Federal anti-poverty programs were enacted for the first time in history.
2. Less tax money was spent on social programs.
3. Federal spending was increased for education, housing, and health care.
4. The federal government gave up many state and local government functions.
1. Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
2. Germany's invasion of Poland
3. Germany's attack on Great Britain
4. Italy's invasion of Ethiopia
U.S. involvement in the Korean War was part of its policy of
1. containment
2. isolationism
3. Big Stick diplomacy
4. mutual assured destruction
All of the following are examples of nonviolent demonstration against racial segregation in the U.S. in the 1960s except
1. freedom riders
2. Montgomery bus boycott
3. lunch counter sit-ins
4. the integration of "Ole Miss"
What action did Dwight Eisenhower take when Governor Orval Faubus refused to allow African-American students to attend Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas?
1. He sent the U.S. Army to Little Rock to enforce the law.
2. He moved the African-American students to Memphis, Tennessee.
3. He led a regional meeting of governors to find a solution to the problem.
4. He forced Orval Faubus to resign as governor of Arkansas.
What was one major result of the "space race" that occurred during the 1950s and 1960s?
1. successful landing of Soviet astronauts on the Moon
2. improvement of satellite telecommunications
3. development of nuclear weapons in space
4. creation of a model for international cooperation
Which of the following events is a direct cause of the involvement of the U.S. in the Persian Gulf War?
1. Iran threatened to launch missiles toward Israel, an ally of the U.S.
2. Iraq invaded Kuwait, an ally of the U.S.
3. Saudi Arabia and Iraq threatened to cut off oil to the U.S.
4. Syria and Iraq invaded Iran, a member of the United Nations
Which of the following leaders during the Civil Rights era beginining in 1947 is best known for advocating non-violent demonstrations?
1. Martin Luther King, Jr.
2. W. E. B. Du Bois
3. Malcolm X
4. Booker T. Washington
What effect did the Enlightenment have on political thought in the colonies?
1. Colonial leaders began extending voting rights to all citizens.
2. The First Continental Congress determined a need for a federal bill of rights.
3. Colonial leaders began advocating the adoption of a state-supported church.
4. Colonists began to question the authority of the British monarchy.
The Declaration of Independence elaborates on the Enlightenment idea of
1. natural rights.
2. collective ownership.
3. religious freedom.
4. political equality.
1. The Missouri Compromise
2. The Great Compromise
3. The Federalist papers
4. The Articles of Confederation
1. John Locke.
2. Montesquieu.
3. Voltaire.
4. Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
Key decisions of the Supreme Court under the leadership of John Marshall solidified the power of the Supreme Court to
1. try cases between states.
2. accept appeals from lower federal courts.
3. try cases involving foreign diplomats.
4. review the constitutionality of state and federal laws.
The acquisition of an American overseas empire during the late 1890s created legal controversies concerning the
1. power of the government to make and ratify peace treaties.
2. role of the President as Commander in Chief.
3. Constitutional rights of the inhabitants of the new American territories.
4. rights of American businesses to operate in the territories.
1. disfranchisement of most African Americans in the South.
2. movement to repeal the 14th Amendment to the Constitution.
3. strengthening of the Republican Party in the South.
4. expansion of free public education to all children.
1. area A
2. area B
3. area C
4. area D
The railroad building boom during the 19th century contributed to
1. increasing agricultural production in the Northeast.
2. the establishment of trade relations with Mexico.
3. dramatic population decreases in Southern cities.
4. the rapid industrialization of the U.S.
The First Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s was primarily a
1. movement to increase colonial loyalty to the British monarchy.
2. revival of evangelical religion that spread through the colonies.
3. process of assimilating immigrants into colonial American culture.
4. period of economic prosperity brought about by colonial trade.
What would be considered a significant social effect of the First Great Awakening?
1. The number of women assuming a leadership role in religious institutions increased.
2. The number of Protestant religious denominations in the colonies declined.
3. The colonies experienced an increase in the number of Catholic immigrants.
4. The colonists began to challenge the hierarchical structure of existing religious denominations.
Lord Baltimore established the Maryland colony in response to
1. Spanish attempts to seize lands along the Chesapeake Bay.
2. the overcrowding of England's large industrial centers.
3. the growing demand for cotton in English textile mills.
4. discrimination against Roman Catholics in England.
The primary religious issue of the 1960 presidential election in the U.S. was
1. the Catholic faith of John F. Kennedy.
2. Richard Nixon's upbringing as a Quaker.
3. the teaching of creationism in public schools.
4. the Mormonism of George Romney.
Growing anti-Catholic sentiment in the U.S. during the first half of the 20th century was related to
1. increasing immigration from southern and eastern Europe.
2. interference by the Catholic Church in U.S. foreign policy.
3. the reduction in the number of Catholic social programs.
4. the church's refusal to ordain women to the priesthood.
Which religious group has had the greatest increase in membership due to the increasing immigration from Latin American countries to the U.S. over the last 50 years?
1. Catholics
2. Muslims
3. Jews
4. Protestants
The 1st Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, prohibiting the federal government from making any law "respecting an establishment of religion," was one response to the
1. attempts by Maryland to make Catholicism the official state religion.
2. increasing number of Puritans arriving in the country.
3. religious persecution exhibited by the Church of England.
4. antireligious sentiments expressed during the Great Awakening.
Which of the following was an effect of the publication of Upton Sinclair's The Jungle (1906)?
1. It aided the growth of federal social services.
2. It contributed to the development of settlement houses.
3. It influenced the passage of the Meat Inspection Act.
4. It led to the development of child labor laws.
The Americanization movement of the early 20th century sought to
1. assimilate ethnic immigrant groups into the dominant culture.
2. restrict the military involvement of the U.S. in foreign conflicts.
3. protect domestic businesses from foreign competition.
4. diminish the role of government in the regulation of industry.
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, urban immigrants generally supported local political machines that
1. discouraged the new immigrants from participating in civic affairs.
2. were usually supported by urban reformers.
3. provided essential services to the immigrants.
4. reminded immigrants of political practices in their homelands.
The muckraking journalists associated with the Progressive era were known primarily for their
1. willingness to expose the corruption of U.S. society.
2. articles supporting the economic benefits of laissez-faire economics.
3. use of the media to advocate the passage of the Equal RIghts Amendment.
4. support for the formation of U.S. military alliances with European countries.
Ford's production of Model Ts in the early 20th century demonstrated the economic relationship between specialization and
1. reduced labor demand.
2. greater efficiencies in production.
3. higher production costs.
4. decreased union organization.
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the U.S. government attempted to facilitate the growth of domestic industry by
1. placing high tariff barriers on foreign imports.
2. encouraging the growth of labor unions.
3. repealing the Sherman Antitrust Act.
4. providing subsidies to small businesses.
How did the growth of U.S. manufacturing affect the country's international relations during the late 19th century?
1. Increasing industrial production led to support for an isolationist foreign policy.
2. Increasing demand for natural resources led to the U.S. acquisition of African colonies.
3. Increasing demand for markets contributed to support for an Open Door policy in China.
4. Increasing need for trading partners encouraged the U.S. to lower tariff rates.
The followers of the Social Gospel movement believed that organized religion must place greater emphasis on
1. reconstructing American society.
2. raising funds.
3. supporting the Populist Party.
4. stopping immigration to the U.S.
Members of the Populist Party supported public ownership of railroads because they thought it would
1. help small farmers.
2. reduce immigration.
3. decrease income taxes.
4. change monetary policy.
During President Theodore Roosevelt's administration, Congress gave the Interstate Commerce Commission the power to
1. enforce legislation regulating railroad rates.
2. construct a national canal system.
3. impose lower import tariffs on foreign goods.
4. mint a national currency.
In 1900 the U.S. declared an Open Door Policy that reflected which of the following beliefs?
1. The Chinese were secretly negotiating trade privileges with European countries.
2. Japan might conquer China and cut off all foreign trade.
3. All countries should have equal trading rights in China.
4. American consumers would be hurt by international trade.
The U.S. supported a revolution in Panama at the turn of the 20th century in order to
1. stop human rights abuses in Latin American countries.
2. prevent the spread of communism in Latin America.
3. secure the right to build a canal through Central America.
4. end European colonialism in Central America.
What did the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine state?
1. The U.S. would permanently station troops in the Philippines and other Pacific islands.
2. The U.S. reserved the right to intervene in the affairs of Central America and the Caribbean.
3. The U.S. had the right and duty to expand its colonial possessions in Asia.
4. The U.S. would provide military aid to Europe to resist communism.
Which of the following is the most accurate example of President Taft's policy of "dollar diplomacy"?
1. allowing for the nationalization of Latin American property owned by U.S. citizens
2. exerting economic influence rather than military force in Latin American countries
3. using international trade organizations to stabilize Latin American economies
4. maintaining a military force to discourage European colonization in Latin America
1. 14th Amendment permitted suspending the Bill of Rights in wartime.
2. nation's war effort would be threatened if dissenters were allowed free speech.
3. public should be shielded from hearing about the reality of the war.
4. other countries at war had already curtailed civil liberties.
The "Red Scare" in the U.S. immediately following World War I was a reaction to
1. President Wilson's attempts to include the U.S. in the League of Nations.
2. the perceived growth of organized crime in major urban areas.
3. a perceived threat of a communist revolution in the U.S.
4. a rise in the number of immigrants from Germany.
1. The U.S. Senate approves a military alliance with Great Britain.
2. The U.S. Senate refuses to ratify the Treaty of Versailles.
3. The U.S. Senate fails to pass the Selective Service Act.
4. The U.S. Senate authorizes the use of troops in Europe.
Marcus Garvey's program in the 1920s emphasized
1. vocational training.
2. a back-to-Africa movement.
3. integration into mainstream society.
4. separate-but-equal doctrines.
What organization was formed in the 1920s to ensure that the individual rights of citizens were protected from government abuse?
1. House Un-American Activities Committee
2. American Civil Liberties Union
3. American Liberty League
4. United Services Organization
Marcus Garvey's "Back to Africa" movement and the creation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) were both early-20th-century responses to
1. the passage of more restrictive immigration laws.
2. the growth of communism in the South.
3. the practice of racial discrimination in the U.S.
4. the desegregation of World War I combat units.
Why did the number of votes cast in the U.S. Presidential election rise by 8.2 million from 1916 to 1920?
1. The 19th Amendment gave millions of women the right to vote.
2. The people were excited about voting on the issue of Prohibition.
3. Demobilization of the military released millions of men for voting.
4. Warren G. Harding's call for "normalcy" energized the voters.
Zora Neale Hurston and Langston Hughes had which of the following in common?
1. They were leaders involved with the 1960s civil rights movement.
2. They were initial members of President Franklin Roosevelt's Black Cabinet.
3. They were writers associated with the Harlem Renaissance.
4. They were outspoken opponents to U.S. involvement in Vietnam.
The primary objective of Harlem Renaissance writers was to
1. encourage militant protest among African Americans.
2. support educational programs for African Americans.
3. improve literacy rates among African Americans.
4. generate pride in African-American culture.
Which of these was an outgrowth of mass production techniques used during the 1920s?
1. an increase in the advertising industry
2. a decrease in the need for female workers
3. an increase in environmental protection laws
4. a decrease in demand for unionization
Why did industrialists oppose the increased coinage of silver during the 19th century?
1. It would have led to greater political power for southern states.
2. It would have caused economic inflation.
3. It would have made it more difficult to secure business loans.
4. It would have limited the amount of money in circulation.
One of the key goals of the 1913 Federal Reserve Act was to
1. place a banking system under the direct control of Congress.
2. decentralize the banking industry in order to allow for local control of money.
3. protect the banking industry by removing the country from the gold standard.
4. create a banking system that could regulate the amount of money in circulation.
Early in the Depression, the Hoover Administration established the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to
1. make direct grants to unemployed workers.
2. loan money to banks, insurance companies, and other depressed businesses.
3. purchase American manufactured goods for export to foreign markets.
4. guarantee a minimum income to all of the nation's farmers.
Which event most contributed to the establishment of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)?
1. the Panic of 1893
2. the formation of the Standard Oil Trust
3. the Teapot Dome Scandal
4. the 1929 crash of the stock market
Franklin Roosevelt's immediate response to the banking crisis after becoming president was to
1. declare a bank holiday that closed banks in the U.S. for several days.
2. nationalize the banks to ensure they were following federal regulations.
3. establish the Federal Reserve to reduce the possibility of another bank emergency.
4. borrow money from foreign banks to support the U.S. banking industry.
To many Californians, the arrival of the Dust Bowl refugees of the mid-1930s represented
1. a welcome addition to the labor force.
2. a source of much-needed capital investment.
3. new markets for Callifornia businesses.
4. unwanted additions to the ranks of the unemployed.
The large-scale movement of Great Plains residents to California during the Great Depression resulted in
1. an increase in wages for California laborers.
2. a decrease in the number of California residents seeking relief.
3. a significant decrease in the number of industrial workers in California.
4. a greater demand on available relief funds in California.
Social Security was a New Deal program designed to
1. foster the growth of trade unions.
2. promote recovery through economic development.
3. give direct aid to American businesses.
4. provide a minimum retirement income.
Many business groups opposed the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) in the 1930s on the grounds that it
1. unfairly competed with private power companies.
2. charged too much for the electricity it sold.
3. did not treat its electric customers equally.
4. generated electricity with obsolete methods and equipment.
What New Deal program employed large numbers of artists and writers during the Great Depression?
1. National Recovery Administration (NRA)
2. Agriculture Adjustment Administration (AAA)
3. Works Progress Administration (WPA)
4. National Youth Administration (NYA)
One reason the United Farm Workers had difficulty gaining national recognition for their union was that
1. there were relatively few agricultural workers in California.
2. most agricultural workers were already members of other labor organizations.
3. there was no prior federal protection of agricultural workers.
4. wages for agricultural workers in California were already high.
1. a police attack on strikers in Detroit
2. the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor
3. an explosion in a West Virginia coal mine
4. the collapse of the New York Stock Exchange
Japanese attempts to create an empire prior to World War II were in conflict with the U.S. goal of
1. maintaining an open trade policy in Asia.
2. gaining a sphere of influence in Asia.
3. establishing a military presence in China.
4. creating a military alliance with China.
During World War II, what was the primary duty of the Navajo Code Talkers?
1. interpreting confiscated German battle plans
2. transmitting secret messages to U.S. forces during combat
3. translating confidential Japanese communications
4. informing the press about the number of Allied war casualties
In comparison to the earlier conferences at Casablanca and Teheran, the meetings at Yalta and Potsdam were more focused upon
1. postwar issues.
2. military supply issues.
3. long-term military planning.
4. technological developments.
Many Americans opposed the 1941 Lend-Lease Act because they feared it would
1. draw the U.S. into the war in Europe.
2. cause the country to fall into an economic recession.
3. be declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
4. place the U.S. in violation of the Versailles Treaty.
The U.S. Congress passed a series of neutrality acts beginning in August 1935 in response to
1. British requests to blockade German ports.
2. American antiwar sentiment.
3. the German invasion of Poland.
4. the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor.
In 1944, the Supreme Court upheld the internment of Japanese Americans residing on the West Coast by ruling that the actions were
1. part of an international agreement with U.S. allies.
2. approved by both houses of Congress.
3. allowed under the 14th Amendment.
4. necessary for national security.
Partly because Japanese Americans living on the West Coast during World War II were considered security risks, they were
1. forced to give up their U.S. citizenship.
2. barred from military service throughout the war.
3. moved from their homes to internment camps.
4. prohibited by law from seeking employment with the federal government.
The purpose of the Manhattan Project was to
1. provide economic aid to Latin American countries.
2. develop atomic weapons for the U.S. military.
3. bring about an end to poverty in U.S. urban areas.
4. offer assistance to relocated European refugees.
The purpose of the 1947 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was to
1. use tariffs to restrict international trade with communist countries.
2. raise money through tariffs to rebuild Europe after World War II.
3. encourage countries to repay war debts by increasing tariffs.
4. expand international trade by mutual reduction of tariffs.
The United Nations statement of principles was based on the belief that
1. the development of nuclear weapons must be closely monitored.
2. Germany must be punished by being forced to pay war reparations.
3. an international peacekeeping organization could settle disputes without warfare.
4. a strong military alliance was needed to prevent the emergence of new fascist dictators.
Since its establishment in 1945, the United Nations has
1. prevented border wars around the world.
2. provided a forum for international negotiations.
3. eliminated hunger and starvation worldwide.
4. replaced national armies with an international armed force.
President Eisenhower supported the establishment of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) as an attempt to
1. assist nationalist movements in Asian countries.
2. counter British attempts to establish colonies in Asia.
3. restrict communist aggression in Asian countries.
4. initiate programs for the protection of human rights in Asia.
Which of these was a cause of the Korean War?
1. NATO air and naval forces blocked ships sailing to North Korea.
2. North Korean forces, with Soviet approval, invaded South Korea.
3. United Nations inattention allowed guerrillas to infi ltrate South Korea.
4. Widespread anti-colonial riots forced the Korean government to begin the war.
Which of these was a formal statement of intention of the United States to aid any country threatened by communist aggression?
1. Truman Doctrine
2. Marshall Plan
3. Alliance for Progress
4. Vietnamization
Which of these events was the closest the United States and the Soviet Union actually came to fi ghting each other during the Cold War?
1. Suez Crisis, 1956
2. Bay of Pigs, 1961
3. Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962
4. Gulf of Tonkin, 1964
The Truman Doctrine was a pledge on the part of the United States to help Greece and Turkey
1. avoid engaging in a war over oil reserves.
2. recover land they had lost during World War II.
3. resist the spread of communism in the region.
4. prosecute captured military leaders for war crimes.
Which action by President Harry Truman would be an example of his post–World War II containment policy?
1. He demanded human rights guarantees from Latin American allies.
2. He helped the Greek and Turkish governments resist communist rebels.
3. He negotiated with the U.S.S.R. to eliminate long-range nuclear weapons.
4. He provided economic recovery aid to China and Japan.
Which of the following best describes President Lyndon B. Johnson’s action toward Vietnam during the 1960s?
1. He threatened to use nuclear weapons to end the Vietnam War.
2. He initiated the complete democratization of North Vietnam.
3. He escalated U.S. military involvement in South Vietnam.
4. He refused to participate in a French-led occupation of Vietnam.
1. the increasing use of technology
2. the issuance of an isolationist trade policy
3. the establishment of a restrictive immigration policy
4. the initiation of extensive farm subsidy programs
The federal government initiated the bracero program during World War II in an effort to
1. restore the agricultural industry in the Plains states.
2. provide fi nancial support for irrigation projects.
3. address the urgent need for agricultural laborers.
4. increase the revenue of crop producers.
During the second half of the twentieth century, the largest source of labor in California agriculture was
1. unemployed Midwestern industrial workers.
2. relocated Southern sharecroppers.
3. displaced workers from the Plains states.
4. immigrants from Mexico.
One reason labor union leaders opposed the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act in 1947 was that the act
1. placed a limit on wage rates.
2. favored big business interests over union interests.
3. forced the consolidation of the AFL and CIO unions.
4. placed too much bargaining control in the hands of Congress.
A wave of U.S. industrial strikes at the end of World War II contributed to President Harry Truman’s attempts to
1. increase the collective bargaining power of labor union leaders during wartime.
2. place strict limits on striking labor unions when national interests were at stake.
3. register the names of striking union workers with a federal review board.
4. activate National Guard units in order to force labor unions back to work.
Changes in the balance of power among the three branches of the Federal government during the 20th century have resulted from the
1. passage of Constitutional Amendments on voting.
2. expansion of executive power during periods of crisis.
3. loss of the Supreme Court’s power to review Congressional actions.
4. revival of the authority of the states.
1. It limited the powers of Congress during time of war.
2. It limited the power of the President to use U.S. troops overseas.
3. It authorized the President to send troops into battle.
4. It granted the President the authority to declare war.
1. region A
2. region B
3. region C
4. region D
A major accomplishment of medical science since the end of World War II has been the virtual worldwide elimination of death caused by
1. malaria.
2. smallpox.
3. cholera.
4. tuberculosis.
What new technology greatly expanded the audience for professional sports in the years immediately following World War II?
1. electric lighting
2. radio broadcasting
3. satellite
4. television
The outstanding record of African Americans who served in the military forces during World War II was one reason President Truman decided in 1948 to
1. begin drafting African Americans into the armed forces.
2. order an end to racial segregation in the military.
3. create special African-American combat units.
4. continue the Tuskegee Airmen program.
What effect did the African-American civil rights movement have on other minority groups in the United States?
1. It brought about anti-discrimination legislation that applied to other groups.
2. The backlash caused other minority groups to limit the use of civil disobedience.
3. It convinced other groups to create one unifi ed civil rights movement.
4. It convinced other groups to minimize the use of protests as a way to end discrimination.
The Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
1. permitted affi rmative action in admission to colleges.
2. ended Bible reading and prayer in public schools.
3. outlawed racial segregation in public schools.
4. authorized schools to censor student newspapers.
In 1957, President Eisenhower used federal troops in Little Rock, Arkansas, to
1. eliminate racial discrimination in housing.
2. allow African Americans to vote in local elections.
3. integrate the public schools.
4. admit African Americans to graduate programs.
The successful formation of the United Farm Workers indicated that the ideals of the civil rights movement had infl uenced the actions of
1. Native Americans.
2. Hispanic Americans.
3. Korean Americans.
4. Chinese Americans.
The immigration policies in place since the 1960s have
1. reinforced the population patterns refl ected in the laws of the 1920s.
2. greatly increased ethnic diversity in American society.
3. encouraged immigration from Western European countries.
4. discouraged immigration from Asian countries.
The passage of the Immigration Act of 1965 resulted in
1. the deportation of large numbers of political refugees.
2. an increase in the number of Eastern European immigrants.
3. the elimination of an immigration policy based on national origin quotas.
4. an increase in the deportation of Asian immigrants.
1. Alliance for Progress.
2. Fair Deal.
3. Great Society.
4. New Deal.
What would be considered a major factor in the declining number of family farms during the last half of the twentieth century?
1. The U.S. agricultural industry shifted to the use of corporate farms.
2. The U.S. government initiated the use of food production centers.
3. Demand for grains declined in the United States because of European imports.
4. Exports of U.S. agricultural products to Asian countries declined.
1. overcrowding in urban tenements
2. the growth of political machines
3. the overproduction of consumer goods
4. labor union activism in urban areas
Which of the following was a cause of the Great Depression?
1. Consumers were buying crops grown in other countries.
2. The industrial sector was not producing enough goods.
3. Natural resources were becoming less available.
4. The stock market was not sufficiently regulated.
Japanese Americans were held in internment camps during World War II because they —
1. disobeyed the state laws of California
2. disagreed with President Franklin Roosevelt’s war strategy
3. were labeled a threat to U.S. security
4. were unwilling to serve in the U.S. military
1. Secondary sources
2. Factual accounts
3. Differing points of view
4. Newspaper reports
Which New Deal agency established a pension program that contributes to the income of retired workers?
1. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
2. Social Security Administration
3. Securities and Exchange Commission
4. Agricultural Adjustment Administration
1. Creation of the League of Nations
2. U.S. Entrance into World War I
3. Formation of the Allied Powers
4. U.S. Decision to Contain Communism
The Civil Rights movement’s strategy of nonviolent resistance was most widely advocated throughout the 1960s by —
1. Stokely Carmichael’s Black Power movement
2. Malcolm X’s Organization of Afro-American Unity
3. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Southern Christian Leadership Conference
4. Huey P. Newton’s Black Panther Party
1. Dust Bowl farmers migrating from the Midwest to California
2. African Americans migrating from the South to the North
3. Rust Belt workers migrating from the Northeast to Texas
4. Mexican Americans migrating from border states to the Northeast
1. The Voting Rights Act of 1965
2. Brown v. Board of Education
3. The Civil Rights Act of 1964
4. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
1. declare war on Spain
2. build a canal in Panama
3. enact the Teller Amendment
4. announce the Open Door policy
1. the same honorary rank as other veterans who served
2. lifetime employment in the military
3. job placement in medical professions
4. the same benefits provided to other veterans
1. Henry Cabot Lodge
2. George Marshall
3. Theodore Roosevelt
4. Harry S. Truman
Which of the following is a primary result of twentieth-century technological innovations such as computers and robots?
1. Fewer assembly-line jobs for workers
2. More people working in agriculture
3. Fewer people living in suburbs
4. More safety hazards for factory workers
1. The Scopes Trial
2. The Espionage Act
3. The Palmer Raids
4. The Bonus Army
1. The establishment of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
2. The implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
3. The implementation of the Kyoto Protocol
4. The signing of the World Trade Agreement
Which of the following was a cause of the Korean War?
1. South Korea would not trade with other Asian countries.
2. Taiwan attempted to seize control of South Korea.
3. The United States would not grant foreign aid to North Korea.
4. North Korea wanted to unify the peninsula under a communist regime.
1. Events of the Cold War
2. Events of the Great Depression
3. Events of the Roaring Twenties
4. Events of the Civil Rights Era
Which technological innovation most directly enabled the construction of skyscrapers throughout U.S. cities in the late nineteenth century?
1. Whitney’s interchangeable parts
2. Fulton’s steam engine
3. Taylor’s scientific management
4. Bessemer’s steel process
1. halt production at meatpacking plants
2. pass a law calling for closer regulation of food quality
3. fund research to find a cure for tuberculosis
4. pass a law to limit work hours in meatpacking plants
1. 1, 3, 2, 4
2. 4, 1, 3, 2
3. 1, 4, 3, 2
4. 4, 2, 1, 3
The United States formed the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in response to —
1. the Soviet Union’s launch of Sputnik 1
2. North Korea’s invasion of South Korea
3. the Soviet Union’s placement of missiles in Cuba
4. China’s development of an atomic bomb
1. border conflicts
2. community development
3. environmental conservation
4. property values
1. create an alliance to protect against communist aggression in Europe
2. provide military assistance to countries seeking independence in the Americas
3. provide financial aid to rebuild countries in Africa
4. regulate economic ties with communist countries in Asia
In the 1930s, which countries were ruled by dictatorships that were widely regarded as threats to the safety and security of the world’s democracies?
1. Mexico, Brazil, and India
2. France, Spain, and Greece
3. Germany, Japan, and Italy
4. Japan, Mexico, and Turkey
1. Effects of the Baby Boom During the 1940s
2. Impact of the Automobile During the 1950s
3. Growth of the Service Industry During the 1960s
4. Results of Gasoline Shortages During the 1970s
1. expressed opposition to involvement in the conflict
2. risked their lives by serving in combat roles
3. performed duties that historically had been assigned to men
4. trained men to conduct air raids on the enemy
1. Statement 1
2. Statement 2
3. Statement 3
4. Statement 4
1. the effects of U.S. involvement in the Spanish-American War
2. the effects of U.S. imperialism on colonial territories
3. the U.S. economic policies that led to the Great Depression
4. the domestic impact of World War I on U.S. society
1. agriculture and mining were the main issues
2. voter turnout in local elections increased
3. domestic and international issues needed to be resolved
4. the federal government had reduced powers
1. Africa
2. Asia
3. Latin America and the Caribbean
4. Northern America
1. voting in elections
2. working in factories
3. becoming missionaries
4. studying economics
During World War I and World War II, American women —
1. served in Congress in large numbers
2. boycotted industries with government contracts
3. replaced many men in the civilian workforce

U.S. History

Multiple-Choice ExerciseCopyright © 2012; All rights reserved. No commercial, for-profit use of this material is allowed. E-mail comments and questions to Tami Maloney.

What is the significance of Pinckney's Treaty (1795) with Spain?

Why did the U.S. Congress pass the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798?

The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions were based on which principle?

What right did most Caucasian women have in the U.S. during the Federalist period?

During Thomas Jefferson's presidency, which event challenged his strict constructionist philosophy?

What impact did the Battle of New Orleans have on the U.S. in 1815?

Which idea did Tecumseh and his brother the Prophet support before 1820?

Why did many Mormons migrate to the western United States?

Which part of the Compromise of 1850 received the greatest support from southern farmers?

The Emancipation Proclamation is seen as a diplomatic document. Why?

Which action abolished slavery in the U.S.?

Which of these is the strongest evidence of the federal government showing its power over state governments during the Reconstruction period?

Why did the House of Representatives impeach Andrew Johnson?

withdrawal of federal troopspresidential cabinet positionsfunding for transportation improvementsWhich of the following is the best title for the list above?

What impact did the transcontinental railroad have on the economy of the West during the mid-1800s?

Which invention made western farming more efficient in the mid-1800s?

Which major problem was more common for a farmer in the West than for a farmer living east of the Mississippi during the mid to late 1800s?

Which issue led to the organization of the Populist Party?

Which factor contributed most to the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?

Immigrant were more likely to settle in urban, industrial centers rather than rural, agricultural regions. Why?

What was the impact of westward expansion on Native Americans during the Jacksonian Era?

Which statement best explains the increase in sectionalism between 1820 and 1850?

How did the transcendental movement influence U.S. society during the mid to late 1800s?

Which of these activities had the greatest economic impact on the southeastern U.S. between 1800 and 1860?

Which section of the U.S. most oppposed a protective tariff in the 1830-1850 period?

What was the effect of the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Susan B. Anthony is best known for which area of reform?

Which congressional act was passed to end the abuses of the spoils system?

Which event contributed most to the demise of the Knights of Labor?

Who best completes this list?

Which business strategy would a late-1800s industrial leader use to establish a monopoly?

Why did the U.S. act as an imperial power during the late 1800s?

Which event is associated with the outbreak of war between the U.S. and Spain in 1898?

In 1898, William Randolph Hearst reportedly sent a message to his photographer in Cuba that said, "You provide the photographs and I'll furnish the war." Which technique was Hearst using

How did the action of the U.S. government in the late 1800s impact Hawaii?

How did poll taxes limit the rights of citizens to liberty in the late 1800s?

How did the role of journalism change during the Progressive Era?

Why did Theodore Roosevelt build the Great White Fleet?

What justification did President Taft use to support his use of dollar diplomacy in Latin America and Asia?

How did passing the Sherman Antitrust Act attempt to reform U.S. business practices in the late 1800s?

Which best completes this list?

How did assembly line production affect the U.S. economy during the early 20th century?

Which group benefited the most from reform legislation passed during the Progressive Era?

Which event was a reason for the U.S.' entry into the First World War?

How were the civil liberties of U.S. citizens threatened during World War I?

How did the U.S. help the Allies win World War I?

The Kellog-Briand Pact represented the desire of the U.S. and European nations to follow which policy?

Which heading best completes this list?

During the 1920s, which leader of the Universal Negro Improvement Association advocated a return to Africa for African Americans?

What did the flapper image of the 1920s represent for U.S. women?

Which evidence showed that the prosperity of the 1920s was an illusion?

Which factor contributed to the stock market crash of 1929?

Which factor added to the hardships of midwestern farmers during the Great Depression?

Which economic policy did President Franklin D. Roosevelt use to respond to the Great Depression?

After the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that several New Deal programs were unconstitutional, how did President Franklin Roosevelt try to influence future decisions of the Court?

Which term best describes the diplomacy followed by some European nations in their relations with Germany, Italy, and Japan between 1931 and 1939?

Which advertising campaign represents the expanding role of women in the workplace during World War II?

Why did President Truman decide to use the atomic bomb near the end of World War II?

Which development best reflects the economic prosperity of the U.S. after World War II?

What international organization was created immediately after World War II to promote world peace and cooperation among nations?

Which U.S. initiative was designed to provide financial aid for war-torn European countries after World War II?

Which policy did the U.S. government use to respond to the Cold War tensions of the 1950s?

Which political trend characterized the era of McCarthyism?

Which government agency was developed in response to Cold War confrontations?

How did many U.S. families respond to the threat of nuclear war between the U.S. and the Soviet Union as the Cold War intensified?

What was one purpose of President Kennedy's Alliance for Progress?

What precedent was established for U.S. presidents by the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution?

What strategy did both Martin Luther King, Jr. and César Chávez use to achieve social change?

Which group represents the counterculture of the 1960s?

How did the war in Vietnam hinder President Lyndon B. Johnson's effort to create the Great Society?

Which statement best summarizes the decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren?

What impact did Title IX have on educational institutions in the U.S.?

What event during the 1970s resulted in the U.S. increasing its regulation of nuclear power plants?

Which U.S. president regarded universal health care as a major issue for the federal government to resolve?

The Watergate scandal is appropriately described by which statement?

What was the main purpose for Operation Desert Storm?

In which country did President Clinton use force in an attempt to bring an end to regional conflicts?

How has a revival of nativism in the late 20th century affected recent immigration?

Multiple-Choice Exercise
Copyright © 2012; All rights reserved. No commercial, for-profit use of this material is allowed. E-mail comments and questions to Tami Maloney.

withdrawal of federal troops
presidential cabinet positions
funding for transportation improvements

Which of the following is the best title for the list above?

**What was the effect in the U.S. of the sinking of the ship Lusitania by a German submarine in 1915?**

**The First Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s was primarily a**

**Which of the following was an effect of the publication of Upton Sinclair's The Jungle (1906)?**

**The muckraking journalists associated with the Progressive era were known primarily for their**